Kinesiology 1070A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Harm Reduction, Nucleus Accumbens
31 Oct 2016
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Smoking
Cilia- hair that lines lungs to clean out dirt and germs
Tar- formed by smoking chemicals and lines inside of lungs
When cilia are covered in tar they cant clean lungs properly and dirt stays in lungs
causing cancer
Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Smoking directly related to 90% lung deaths and 80-90% of COPD deaths
COPD- permanently damages structure of alveoli by making it harder for lungs to
take in O2 and harder to get rid of CO2
Tobacco kills 37,000 canadians/year and 480,000 americans/year
Steady decline in number of smokers
Higher income are less likely to smoke than those who have a lower income
Recognized in Canadian Health Strategy that stopping smoking is assoiated with
clear health benefits
Quitting has more benefits than harm reduction (reducing # of smokes/day)
Self quitters have a 95-98% failure rate after 1 year of attempting quitting
Modifiable factors for cancer prevention
• Tobacco, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, excess body weight, alcohol,
environment
Up to 70% of smokers want to quit and have tried at least once
Smoking relieves stress and quitting smokers often go back to smoking because of
this
Within seconds, ¼ of the nicotine foes through your bloodstream and straight to the
brain
Nicotine stimulates nicotine acetylcholine receptors which leads to the release of
dopamine in the nucleus accumbens(important role in rewarding and reinforcing
stimuli ex sex drugs exercise)
Smoking can elevate cognitive performance
Reasons quitting is hard
• Weight management
• Nicotine regulates metabolism
• Controls mood and stress
• Habit (risky situations trigger urge to smoke)
Risk factors
• Depression
• History of drug or alcohol abuse
Nicotine metabolized into cotinine and rate is found to predict smoking behaviors
Take home: nicotine highly addictive and quitting requires much more than
individual will power
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Cilia- hair that lines lungs to clean out dirt and germs. Tar- formed by smoking chemicals and lines inside of lungs. When cilia are covered in tar they cant clean lungs properly and dirt stays in lungs causing cancer. Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) Smoking directly related to 90% lung deaths and 80-90% of copd deaths. Copd- permanently damages structure of alveoli by making it harder for lungs to take in o2 and harder to get rid of co2. Higher income are less likely to smoke than those who have a lower income. Recognized in canadian health strategy that stopping smoking is assoiated with clear health benefits. Quitting has more benefits than harm reduction (reducing # of smokes/day) Self quitters have a 95-98% failure rate after 1 year of attempting quitting. Modifiable factors for cancer prevention: tobacco, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, excess body weight, alcohol, environment.
