Health Sciences 3071A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Multistakeholder Governance Model, Transdisciplinarity, Sustainable Community
17 Dec 2016
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Department
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Professor
Health Determinants Lecture Three
Theories vs Models
• Theories present a systematic way of understanding events, behaviours or
situations
o Generality is important
o Explanatory or change
o Considered more proven
▪ Not always the case
• Models are representations of the real world
o Depict relationships between concepts
Social Ecological Model
• Health is influenced by a variety of factors
• Individual and environmental factors interact
o Reciprocal determinism
o Person-environment fit is key
o Proximal and distal environments may be interdependent
o Interdisciplinary approach is necessary
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Ecosystem Approaches to Health
• Ecohealth approaches are systemic, participatory approaches to understanding
and promoting human health and wellbeing in the context of complex social and
ecological interactions
• Recognizing that health is contingent on
• Biophysical
• Social
• Economic
• Political environments (justice and sustainability)
o Necessitates an approach that transcends disciplines (transdisciplinarity)
o Takes into account various perspectives (multi-stakeholder participation)
o And is aware of systemic inequities and difference (social and gender
equity)
Social Ecological Models
• Ecology: the study of the relationship between organisms and their
environments
- An ecological approach: the complex interaction between the individual
and his/her social and physical environments
- Multiple influences of the environment on the individual
- An individual both shapes and is shaped by his or her environment
• A person has an influence on the environment, the environment has an influence
on the person
Individual Level
• Personal factors that increase or decrease the likelihood of health:
- Personality, attitudes, behaviours, beliefs, perceived barriers, motivation,
self-efficacy
- Abilities, disabilities, injuries
- Control (or perceived control)
- Age, genetics
- Gender
- Education
- SES
- Employment
• Certain things you have control over, and others you do not
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Interpersonal Levels
• Social relationships
- Family, partner, peers
- Institutions, organizations, schools, workplaces, community organizations
- Access to social support networks, community diversity, community
safety
- Influence of health care professionals, other health care organizations
- Community norms, values
- Culture
- SES of community
Physical Environment Level
• Natural environment and the build environment, such as:
- Weather, geography, pollution, air, water
- Facilities, parks, trails
- Traffic
- Community design, connectivity of streets, density of housing, land use
Policy Level
• Legislation, regulatory actions
- Planning policies
- Transport policies
- Education policies
- Health policies
- Environmental policies
- Workplace policies
- Funding policies
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Theories vs models: theories present a systematic way of understanding events, behaviours or situations, generality is important, explanatory or change, considered more proven, not always the case, models are representations of the real world, depict relationships between concepts. Social ecological model: health is influenced by a variety of factors. Individual and environmental factors interact: reciprocal determinism, person-environment fit is key, proximal and distal environments may be interdependent. Social ecological models: ecology: the study of the relationship between organisms and their environments. An ecological approach: the complex interaction between the individual and his/her social and physical environments. Multiple influences of the environment on the individual. An individual both shapes and is shaped by his or her environment: a person has an influence on the environment, the environment has an influence on the person. Individual level: personal factors that increase or decrease the likelihood of health: Personality, attitudes, behaviours, beliefs, perceived barriers, motivation, self-efficacy.
