History 2403E Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Second Vatican Council, Toleration, Cius
2 May 2018
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March 13 – Holy Roman Empire and the Thirty Years War
HRE
Peace of Augsburg (1555)
- Treaty to end religious wars
Cius Regio Eius Religio
- Band-Aid solution
- Not designed to create a fundamental sense of religious peace
- Equilibrium until a better solution comes along
Charles 5th abdicates
- Half to Phillip 2nd – Spanish half of the empire
- Half to brother Ferdinand to be HRE and Hapsburg family lands
o Included Tyrol, Austria, Bohemia, Styria, Hungary
o There are more but these are the family lands
o In family lands, he has much more direct control
o 25 million people, 3x the population of Spain
o Considerable natural resources
o Power was quite liberated
▪ Deeply fragmented Empire at a political level
▪ 300 Principalities who were very resistant to forces of centralization
o His job was to sit above principalities and maintain peace
Emperor was an elected position
- Vast sums of money involved, did not come cheap
- Every time a new emperor was to be chosen they would extort power and privileges
from those in the race
Emperor wrote Capitulations
- Little by little the princes were pulling away the power the emperor had
Reichstag
- Laws had to go through the Reichstag, a check in balance for the Emperors power
- Was the weakest of the parliament of that time
Was not going to allow the Hapsburg family to strengthen power – from both Catholics and
Protestants – they hate the Hapsburgs more than each other
- This keeps peace from 1555-1618
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
2
Ferdinand was responsible of Peace of Augsburg
- Charles abdicates because he is sick of dealing with protestants
- Ferdinand does this even though he knows his brother will be mad and the Pope said
ould’t do it
- F ould’t ig a degee of eligious toleatio i all of HRE ut ithi his o
territories he goes further
- He is a devout Catholic but is tolerant of Protestants in his family region
- Trying to bring Catholics and Protestants back together – goal is political, wants to bring
peace to the empire
Council of Trent – 1543 – 1565 (in that)
- Series of sessions of that
- Essentially, the official faith and teaching of RCC are codified
- Defie e leal hat it eas to e Catholi ad hat it eas to ot e
Catholi why we are not Luther
o Holds until 60s with the Vatican 2
Tridentine Catholicism: Mel Gibson, all Latin
Ferdinand wants to weigh in on the Council of Trent
- We could calm Protestants down if we could offer communion for everyone with both
body and blood
- Petitions for the removal of clerical celibacy
- Luthe’s diffeig o marriage (good) and sex (good)
o Celibacy is the Catholic Church
o If you get rid of celibacy you get rid of communion value which gets rid of all
- Ferdinand also said the church should consider some land ownership reform
- Catholic church said oh no way
- Ferdinand said I am HRE I will do that on my own with my own lands
o Before that could happen, he died
Succeeded by Maximillian 2nd (r. 1564-1576)
- Remained Catholic but personally rather Lutheran
- Folloed his fathe’s poliies of eligious peae
- Appalled by religious violence
- “t. Batholoe’s Da Massae
o In France – expression of popular religious violence
o Catholics butcher thousands of Protestants
o Says religious violence has to stop
- Really wanted religious peace
Rudolf II (r. 1576-1612)
- Began to undo religious toleration
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
March 13 holy roman empire and the thirty years war. Not designed to create a fundamental sense of religious peace. Equilibrium until a better solution comes along. Half to phillip 2nd spanish half of the empire. Half to brother ferdinand to be hre and hapsburg family lands. Included tyrol, austria, bohemia, styria, hungary: there are more but these are the family lands. Vast sums of money involved, did not come cheap. Every time a new emperor was to be chosen they would extort power and privileges from those in the race. Little by little the princes were pulling away the power the emperor had. Laws had to go through the reichstag, a check in balance for the emperors power. Was the weakest of the parliament of that time. Was not going to allow the hapsburg family to strengthen power from both catholics and. Protestants they hate the hapsburgs more than each other.
