Geography 2143A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Lng Carrier, Container Ship, Redone
10 Apr 2020
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Document Summary
Low speed haulage of bulk of non-perishable commodities. Possible delays from ice or low water levels. One of earliest forms of organized transport. There are now three main types of ships in modern day: container ship, lng carrier (only certain ports) 2 main elements: the ocean freight charged by the carrier, and costs associated with handling and clearing the goods at the ports of loading and discharge. Other factors: different rates for specific goods, congestion charges at ports, currency adjustment factor (caf) for exchange rates. Rating the rates: shipping costs range 3-4% of value. Asia to us rates renegotiated every year. The constant rate changes due to: capacity cuts (more ships, world economy, political conflict, shipping cycle. Every ship needs to register to a country to which the ship adheres its regulations to: so the flag state of ship is responsible for protocol, procedures, safety regulations, environmental policies, hiring process of crew etc.
