Earth Sciences 1089F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Animal Glue, Carbazole, Indian Yellow
7 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Minerals and paint: the use of minerals as pigment. Minerals have been used widely for the manufacture of pigments since prehistoric times. Most minerals must be crushed, powdered and mixed with other substances to produce a workable pigment. First paints were made of a mixture of pigment, clays, animal fats and filler minerals such as gypsum or calcite. Earliest known paintings are located in the caves of lascaux, france. The artists used charcoal as well as red and yellow pigment called red and yellow ochre: red ochre is made from hematite (iron oxide, yellow ochre is made from limonite (iron oxyhydroxide) Inside king tut"s tomb was found a small paint box containing powders of gypsum, orpiment, hematite and malachite. Used minerals in their cosmetics/makeup: red ochre was applied to the lips, eye makeup kohl contained various powdered minerals and varied widely in colour (black-green-blue-turquoise)
