Earth Sciences 1022A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Aeration, Aquifer, Artesian Aquifer
18 Nov 2015
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Zone of aeration: pores filled with air and water. Porosity: amount of open space in rock or sediment. Permeability: how well water flows through rock or sediment an aquitard is impermeable an aquifer is permeable. Flow under gravity from high areas to low areas along curved paths. Springs: natural outpouring of water onto the ground surface; may involve a water table that is perched on a aquitard. Figure 17. 9 aquitard and localized zone of saturation. Hot springs: where groundwater is heated by the geothermal gradient or by cooling magma. Geysers: cyclic events where groundwater is heated in a rock pipe, boils, then vaporizes and erupts. Wells: where humans drill into the water table, creating a cone of depression in it. Artesian wells: penetrate an aquifer confined by aquitards; requires minimal pumping. Figure 10-7 a cone depression in the water table. Subsidence: can result from excessive pumping of water that causes aquifer sediment to compact and ground surface to settle.
