Earth Sciences 1022A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Lithification, Chert, Travertine
18 Oct 2015
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Sandstone: (sand sized material) a little bit coarser, well sorted if grains of similar size; poorly sorted if a mix of sizes: mainly quartz grains; called arkose if it has lots of feldspar, conglomerate(coarsest): from muddy gravel deposited down slopes or by currents, waves, particles traveled far, rounded, breccia(also coarse): particles deposited close to the source, still angular. 5 main types: limestone: made of calcite in, micrite (s10: sea water, fossiliferous limestone (s2: coral reefs, coquina (s12: shells on a beach, chalk (s8: plankton on sea floor, travertine (s1: caves) limestone spears(s:15, dolostone: ca+2 partly replaced by mg+2(wont see in the lab though) in calcite of, chert: mainly remains of plankton with skeletons of silica; used for arrowheads, evaporites: rock salt(s:16) rock gypsum, potash in shallow seas, salt flats, coal: ancient plant matter in ancient swamps(s:6, clastic: fragments of rocks and minerals in detrital sedimentary rocks, nonclastic: interlocking crystals in chemical sed.
