Biology 3484A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Mecoptera, Flea, Caddisfly
28 Jul 2017
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For diptera (flies), mecoptera (scorpionflies), siphonaptera (fleas), trichoptera (caddisflies), Synapomorphy: presence of paired silk glands in mouth (labial silk glands) of larvae; secondarily lost in some taxa (cid:862)lep(cid:863) = scale (cid:862)ptera(cid:863) = wing scale-winged insects. Order lepidotera (moths) (cid:271)utterflies, skippers, leps, et(cid:272) : experience type 2 complete metamorphosis. 200,000 species (thousands undescribed in tropical forests) Synapomorphies: presence of scales covering membranous wings in adults, presence of crochets in larvae. Aposematism (warning coloration) in monarch butterfly caterpillar and adult: heart stops contracting normally, alters blood flow, color changes first line of defense, warns predators of toxic body fluids, opposite of crypsis. Defenses against predation: crypsis, aposematism, urticating hairs or spines, hollow hairs/spines filled w irritating/stinging/poisonous fluids, some can break off and imbed themselves in skin of predator. Batesian mimicry (crypsis) in leps clear patch on wings, or entire wing lacking scales. Evolutionary reversal character state (derived) secondarily lost scales on wings. Family bombycidae (silkworm moths) clothing labels = 100% silk.
