Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Southern Blot, Chloroplast Dna
Document Summary
Why dna from mitochondria and chloroplast moved to the nucleus: to acquire coordinated function in the cell as a whole, to prevent damage to mitochondrial and chloroplast dna from reactive oxygen species (ros). The flow of unpaired electrons lead to formation. The proteins in the chloroplast and mitochondria have very high turnover rates (ie, they are constantly being remade) due to damage from ros. Restriction enzyme: isolated from bacteria and name of enzymes from organisms they came from, have to know these 3 are restriction enzyme: hindi iii, bam hi, eco ri. Features of mtdna: maternally inherited, no introns, no homologous recombination, high mutation rate relative to ndna, 2-10 mtdna genomes per mitochondrion, hundreds to thousands to mitochondria per cell. Heteroplasmy: presence of more than one type of organelle genome in a given cell or tissue. At wat point started getting disease or showing symptom.
