Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Dialysis, Visual Phototransduction, Light-Independent Reactions

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harlequinbee152

24 Aug 2018

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Cycle 5: lecture #10 exercise and application of concepts i. Both have a pigment bound to a protein. Light is used to make glucose and other essential molecules, Absorption of light leads to flow of electrons down the etc to harvest the energy to make nadph and atp for the calvin cycle and other metabolic pathways in the chloroplast to change in isomeric structure. Light is used to acquire information about the environment. Absorption of light leads to phototransduction cascade leading to an action potential that allows sensing direction of light (chlamy) or sends message to the brain (in humans) Energy from the photon is used to break bonds in retinal for isomerization which ultimately leads to an action potential. Function of the kidneys: remove waste products of metabolism from blood, homeostatic functions: regulation of electrolytes, acid-base balance, fluid balance, blood pressure. Over two million people with kidney failure worldwide receive on going hemodialysis treatments to sustain their life.

Related Questions

6.5a. Illustrate the interactions between the Calvin cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle.

6.5b. Contrast the different processes by which a pigment molecule may lose the energy of an absorbed photon.

6.5c. Explain how an absorption spectrum is different from an action spectrum.

6.5d. Diagram the process by which an absorbed photon leads to production of ATP and NADPH (products of the light reactions)

6.5e. State the importance of the cyclic electron flow process.

ochremole959

Photosynthesis

Light Reactions:

Photosynthesis is the process of reducing/oxidizing (circle one) _____________________ to produce ___________________. This overall reduction-oxidation reaction requires _________________ to begin the flow of __________________. Photosynthetic ____________________ absorb light energy and are located in ___________________ found embedded within the membranes of __________________. The most prevalent one include the ___________________ which reflect ________________ light and absorb the other wavelengths of light. Accessory pigments include ___________________. When light energy is absorbed in photosynthesis, electrons of pigment molecules become _________________ and move into higher potential energy _______________. When the electrons return to their previous position, _____________ is passed to the ______________________ pigment molecule. Electrons within this pigment molecule move to a high potential energy state and are âgrabbedâ by _________________________ chains. Electrons from photosystem II are passed to ______________________. Electrons from photosystem I are passed to _________________. As electrons move in the electron transport chain associated with photosystem I/II (circle one), the energy released is used to power ___________ pumps and __________ is produced via a process known as ________________________. Photosystem I/II (circle one) electrons must be replaced to continue the reaction so ____________ is split for its electrons. The products _______________ & _______________ then proceed to the ______________________ cycle.

Calvin Cycle:

The Calvin Cycle can be broken into 3 main series of reactions. In the first group, known as the __________________ step, ______________________ combines with 3 molecules of ____________________ to form 6 molecules of _____________________. This reaction is catalyzed by ___________________. ________________ can act as a competitive inhibitor of this enzyme, shutting down this step in a process known as ______________________________. In the second series of reactions known as the __________________ steps, the molecules produced in the previous step get oxidized/reduced (circle one). The source of electrons is _________from the light reactions. This step is endergonic/exergonic (circle one) and thus requires _______ from the light reactions. Six molecules of _____________________ are produced, ______ (#) of which will continue in biosynthetic pathways to produce __________________. The remaining molecules will then enter the ______________________ steps which require _____________ from the light reaction. In this step, 3 molecules of _______________ are produced so that this cyclic reaction can continue.

1. All of the following are correct descriptions of photosynthesis except:

A) The Calvin Cycle is endergonic.

B) Electrons are supplied to the reaction center via the splitting of water, which yields O2 as a byproduct

C) Chlorophyll and accessory pigments capture energy from the sun in the form of electrons, which they use to drive the electron transport chains of photosystems I and II.

D) ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions are used to power CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle in the light-independent reactions.

2. In glycolysis and the TCA cycle, glucose is _____ down to CO2; this process _____ lots of ATP and reducing power. In photosynthesis, CO2 is ______ back to sugar by the _______ of lots of ATP and reducing power.

A) reduced; requires; oxidized; production

B) oxidized; requires; reduced; production

C) oxidized; produces; reduced; input

D) reduced; produced; oxidized; input

3. Which description accurately compares cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A) Photosynthesis uses energy captured from sunlight to power the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugars; cellular respiration oxidizes sugars to yield energy for the cell.

B) The ATP produced via cellular respiration is needed to power the reactions of photosynthesis

C) The pathways of photosynthesis are those of cellular respiration run in reverse.

D) Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight to oxidize carbon dioxide to sugars; cellular respiration reduces these sugars to yield energy for the cell.

Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Dialysis, Visual Phototransduction, Light-Independent Reactions

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