Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Activation Energy, Reaction Rate, Catalytic Cycle

27 views6 pages

ceruleanserval632

21 Feb 2017

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Which of the following can be said to occur during every energy transformation: a change occurs in the free energy of the universe. We have avoided discussing anything about the rate of a reaction because, in fact, the laws of thermodynamics do not address how fast a process will occur, just whether or not it will occur. The activation energy of a reaction represents a kinetic barrier. For chemical reactions to occur, established bonds need to be broken and new bonds need to be formed. For bonds to be broken, they must first be strained or otherwise made less stable, which requires a small input of energy. The initial energy investment required to start a reaction is called the activation energy (ea. Molecules that gain the necessary activation energy occupy what is called the transition state, where bonds are unstable and are ready to be broken.

Related Questions

NEED HELP FAST! please answer each question with 2 pargraph

1.What is energy? What are the laws of thermodynamics and what do they describe? What is Gibbs Free energy? What reactions are spontaneous and how come?

2.What is the energy activation barrier? How do enzymes overcome this? Explain why enzymes are substrate specific and how they work. How can enzyme action be inhibited? (mention ALL the factors that can cause an enzyme to fall apart or slow down or not work at all)

Chapters 9 and 10 Respiration and Photosynthesis

Describe each step of cellular respiration with labeled diagrams, including the ATP involved and the general equation. (WORTH TRIPLE POINTS)

emeraldcrocodile909

Question 1 When energy changes from one form to another, some of the energy that can be used to do work is always lost. The loss of this energy is mostly in the form of _________.
a. heat
b. potential energy
c. kinetic energy
d. light energy
e. mechanical energy

Question 2 Which of the following is exergonic?
a. binding fatty acids and glycerol molecules together to form lipids
b. building proteins from amino acids
c. binding sugars molecules together to form glycogen
d. breaking bonds in starch to release glucose
e. adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Question 3 The first law of thermodynamics states that:
a. energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
b. the universe is increasing in entropy.
c. all living organisms must eat to derive energy.
d. energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient.
e. in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state.

Question 4 Which of the following is true of energy?
a. It can be transferred from one form to another with 100 percent efficiency.
b. It can be created.
c. It can be stored in chemical bonds.
d. It can never be stored.
e. It can be released by forming chemical bonds.

Question 5 Metabolism is:
a. the sum of all the energy a cell uses.
b. the sum of all the vitamins a cell contains.
c. the sum of all the enzymes a cell contains.
d. the sum of all the chemical reactions that an organism carries out.
e. the sum of all the ATP a cell contains.

Question 6 Entropy is the measure of ________ in a system.
a. disorder
b. order
c. energy
d. work
e. heat

Question 7 What percentage of the energy stored in glucose are humans cells able to use to do useful work?
a. 37%
b. 100%
c. 15%
d. 52%
e. 48%

Question 8 What is activation energy?
a. the energy gained by living things, allowing them to remain active
b. the energy produced by the breakdown of ATP to ADP.
c. the energy required to initiate or begin a chemical reaction
d. the energy created by enzymes during exergonic reactions
e. the energy lost by living things in the form of heat

Question 9 Which of the following is true of allosteric enzymes?
a. Their activity can be reduced when the product binds the enzyme.
b. Their activity can be reduced when a coenzyme binds to them.
c. Their activity can be reduced when the substrate binds the enzyme.
d. Their activity can be increased when the product binds the enzyme.

Question 10 Which of the following is a true statement about enzymes?
a. They are made of proteins.
b. They are altered by the reactions they catalyze.
c. They increase the energy of activation of chemical reactions.
d. All of the above are true.
e. None of the above is true.

Question 11 What is the energy currency of cells?
a. ADP
b. enzymes
c. glucose
d. vitamins
e. ATP

Question 12 Kinetic energy is ____________, while potential energy is _____________.
a. stored energy; energy that is being used
b. stored energy; energy that can't be used
c. energy that is being used; stored energy
d. energy that can't be used; stored energy

Question 13 The energy released during ________ reactions can be used to drive ________ reactions, and this is called ________ reactions.
a. exergonic; endergonic; coupled
b. endergonic; exergonic; coupled
c. exergonic; endergonic; mutually dependent
d. coupled; mutually dependent; independent
e. endergonic; exergonic; mutually dependent

Question 14 ADP + P + Energy --> ATP Which of the following is a true statement about the chemical reaction above?
a. This is a coupled reaction.
b. This is an exergonic reaction.
c. The product of the reaction contains more energy than that of all of the reactants combined.
d. This is an endergonic reaction.
e. This is an example of a catabolic reaction.

greychimpanzee211

3. You are investigating an enzymatic reaction involved in the biosynthesis of an amino acid. Based on your knowledge of biosynthetic pathways, which of the following properties would you NOT expect to apply to the reaction? a. The reaction by itself will likely have positive deltaG. b. The reaction will be classified as spontaneous. c. This reaction may require coupling to ATP hydrolysis to proceed. d. The reaction is part of anabolism. e. In an energy diagram, the products of this reaction will be at a higher energetic level than the substrates.

4. Which of the following statements about reactions classified as spontaneous is NOT true? a. In a thermodynamic sense, the reaction has the capacity to proceed. b. This reaction will release energy. c. The activation energy barrier in this reaction is required to keep the reaction products stable. d. Energy needs to be added to this reaction to overcome the activation energy barrier. e. The reaction will have an overall negative change of Gibbs free energy.

5. Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is NOT true? a. Without the input of light energy, photosynthesis is an endergonic process. b. The final step of the photosynthetic electron transport chain leads to the production of oxygen from water. c. During photosynthesis, ATP is produced using ATP synthase. d. Photosynthesis creates a proton gradient. e. During photosynthesis, the dark reactions lead to the production of glucose.

Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Activation Energy, Reaction Rate, Catalytic Cycle

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Activation Energy, Allosteric Regulation, Reaction Rate

Biology 1202B Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Reaction Rate, Activation Energy, Enzyme

Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Activation Energy, Enzyme, Systematic Chaos

Related Questions