Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Spindle Apparatus, Semiconservative Replication, Sister Chromatids

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silverprairie-dog97

4 Jan 2018

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Document Summary

Why do cells divide: growth of an organism, repairs of tissue, genetic continuity (reproduction, differentiation (allows for different types of tissue) Cell cycle: cells are not always dividing (cid:523)some don(cid:495)t divide at all ex. Rbc(cid:495)s, and some are in constant division ex. Skin cells: cell cycle = interphase + mitosis. Interphase: non-dividing phase (growth, replication, preparation for mitosis) Gap 1 (g1) no replication/synthesis: cell makes rna, protein, etc, *whether the cell divides rapidly or slowly depends on g1. Synthesis (s) dna replication/synthesis: cell duplicates chromosomal proteins and dna and continues synthesis of other molecules, cell makes rna, protein, etc. Gap 0 (g0) not technically a (cid:498)phase(cid:499: state of division arrest (fully mature, mitosis: nuclear division. Semi-conservative: half of the new strand of dna is composed of the original, while the other half is composed of a new poly-nucleotide (half old, half new: double helix unwinds.

Related Questions

Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.

d. An enzyme that rolls along microtubules dragging a vesicle.

e. An enzyme that connects chromosomes to the spindle fiber.

Part C:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Mitosis can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase

b. Anaphase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Prophase/Telophase

c. Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase

d. Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase

e. Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase

Part D:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Interphase can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. S/G1/G2

b. G2/G1/S

c. G1/S/G2

d. G2/S/G1

e. G1/G2/S

amethystyak657

What function(s) does mitosis fulfill for multicellular organisms?

Match the phrase on the left with the part of the cell cycle on the right.

DNA replication is checked for accuracy