Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Atp Synthase, Chemiosmosis

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oliveeel203

29 Aug 2016

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Class 10: factors driving development of aerobic cells. More oxygen in the environment: identify the paradox for why prokaryotes are biochemical complex don"t develop morphological complexity. Prokaryotes (many) have a lot of internal membrane s and so it should have more sites for oxidative phosphorylation, which in turn means larger size. Prokaryotes are not morphologically complex (do not have organelles), but are biochemically complex (can live in conditions that eukaryotes can"t: relationship between surface area and volume as cells get larger. The larger the surface area, the more volume it can help support through ox phos. Surface area increases faster than volume, volume can"t exceed surface area: basis of the proton motive force (pmf). This is a chemiosmotic force and drives atp synthesis using atp synthase. It gets its energy from the difference in molecule charge, and concentration: relationship between chemiosmotic membranes (units) and need for genes to code for its proteins.

Related Questions

True or False????? HELP

1. In the field of epidemiology, increased prevalence of a disease in a population is the universal signal that disease control and treatment are not effective.

2. Cytoplasmic membranes of prokaryotes typically contain more proteins than cytoplasmic membranes of eukaryotes microorganisms.
3. Sanger (or dideoxy) DNA sequencing produces relatively short DNA sequence data, but is by far the least expensive DNA sequencing method currently available.
4. The (italicizes) abbreviation lac Z refers explicitly to the beta galactosidase protein/ enzyme.
5. Archaeal pathogens have been linked to some of the most virulent infectious diseases. 6. A bacterial mutant that is unable to make an amino acid required for growth (relative to its wild-type strain is termed an auxotroph.
7. When counting plaques to enumerate phage particles (as in the BIOL2026 Laboratory), the plaque represents lacK, not presence, of bacterial growth.
8. Because of competition with plant roots for nutrients, microbial numbers in the rhizosphere are typically much lower than in surrounding bulk soil.
9. Chemolithoautotrophy is the strategy that facilitates the existence of biological communities deep beneath the earthâs surface and near hydrothermal vents.

10. In a primary treatment (1 Â°) system of a municipal sewage/ wastewater treatment plant, the main goal is to remove ammonium (NH4+) using specific bacterial enrichment cultures.
11. The small intestine in human is the main site of microbial breakdown of partially digested food.
12. Root nodules of legumes contain nitrogen fixing bacteria.
13. Anoxygenic photosynthesis involves using/ removing electrons from H2O.
14. Algae and Cyanobacteria utilize generally the same two-photosystem biochemical mechanisms in the light- reaction of photosynthesis.
15. In bacteria, the only known reason proton motive force is generated is to power ATP synthase in cellular respiration/ oxidative phosphorylation.
16. Anaerobic respiration is only carried out by prokaryotes, however fermentation can be carried out by both prokaryote and eukaryal microorganism.

17. The general structure and biochemical âmotorsâ of flagella are similar between Bacteria and eukaryotic cells, but fundamentally different in the Archaea.
18. Antibiotic resistance genes appeared in microbes (for the first time ever) only after human .. producing and releasing massive amounts of antibiotics to the environment.
19. Experiment by Esther Lederberg, and then later by Luria and Delbruck (that won them a Nobel prize), illustrated that genetic mutations in bacteria arose in the absence of selective pressures, rather than in response to selection.
20. Quaternary sensing is a mechanism used by bacteria to sense other bacteria and regulate gene expression accordingly (e.g. In the case of expressing the liac operon or initiating EPS production in biofilms).

Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Atp Synthase, Chemiosmosis

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