Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Nuclear Membrane, Base Pair
11 Apr 2016
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Embosymbiosis explains how we got the morphological characterisics of eukaryotes. The infolding of the plasma membrane gives rise to the development of the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reiculum. Very diferent from where we got the energy-transducing organelles. Originally we believe that they were aerobic bacterium, which evolves into modern-day mitochondria. A subset of cells that took in the aerobic bacterium also take in cyanobacterium. Chloroplasts/mitochondria look like bacteria; they are the same size. Morphologically, energy-transducing organelles look just like bacteria. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are derived through binary ission, dividing in half this is remarkably similar to the mode of reproducion of bacteria. Lateral/horizontal gene transfer: movement of genes from energy-transducing cells (mitochondria, chloroplasts) to the nucleus over evoluionary ime. The mitochondria sill need those proteins, you just changed the locaion of where those proteins sit. Lateral gene transfer is not something that happened a billion years ago and stopped; it is sill occurring today!
