Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Genetic Recombination, Microevolution, Genotype Frequency
Document Summary
Almost all of the variability in mtdna comes from chance mutations that occur at a steady rate, rather than from genetic recombination. Microevolution is a change in frequencies of alleles or heritable phenotypic variants in a population over time. A population of organisms includes all the individuals of single species that live together in the same place of time. When scientists study microevolution, they analyze variations. Population geneticists first describe the genetic structure of a population. Genetic structure of populations: in diploid organisms with pairs of homologous chromosomes, a(cid:374) i(cid:374)di(cid:448)idual"s ge(cid:374)ot(cid:455)pe i(cid:374)(cid:272)ludes t(cid:449)o alleles at ea(cid:272)h ge(cid:374)e locus. The sum of all alleles at all gene loci in all individuals is (cid:272)alled the populatio(cid:374)"s gene population: the genotype frequencies are the percentages of individuals possessing each genotype. They can then calculate allele frequencies, the relative abundances of the different alleles: allele frequencies represent the commonness or rarity of each allele in the gene pool.