They may become harmful or helpful later, as environment. Increases genetic variation, new combinations of alleles through crossing over and independent assortment: reproduction. Reproduction has nothing to do with sex binary fission. Facultatively sexual: can produce genetically identical offspring. When environment is changing/harsh, they reproduce sexually with 2 parents instead of 1. Increases genetic variation, more likely offspring will survive: effect of sex on genetic variation, increases genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment, types of asexual reproduction, first forms of life reproduced asexually. Most things except plants and animals reproduce asexually. Asexually you can pass 100% of alleles to offspring. Greater chance of extinction due to no genetic variation: mullers ratchet. Deleterious mutations increase over time since there is no way to lose the harmful mutation: types. Fragmentation: types of sexual reproduction (monoecious, dioecious, simultaneous vs. sequential hermaphroditism, humans, plants. Dioecious male and female gametes housed in different individuals (either male or female)