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Biology 3466B Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Synapomorphy, Coevolution, Even-Toed Ungulate

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lemonwasp223
18 Oct 2012
School
Western University
Department
Biology
Course
Biology 3466B
Professor
Yolanda Morbey

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Document Summary

The presence of a pulley-shaped astralagus argues that hippos and whales are not closely related because today"s whales don"t have an astragalus. A) is the preferred tree as it takes one less evolutionary step. Artiodactyla hypothesis: whales are related to the ungulates, possibly as the sister group to the artiodactyls. Whale+ hippo hypothesis: whales are the sister group to the hippo. Whales have no ankles so the shape of the whale astraglus as a trait cannot be assessed. Fortunately, some fossil whales have hind limbs, which concludes the wales have some features of the pulley shaped astragalus. Coevolution: the buttiflies: the tastey butterflies try to look like the untastey butterflies so that the birds will not eat them.

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Related Questions

Diagram and discuss the evidence that the double pulley astragalus found in all artiodactyls, Indohyus, and Pakicetus indicates that whales are descended from ancient artiodactyls (even toed ungulates) and therefore belong to the artiodactyl clade of mammals.

1.What is a Great evolutionary transformation?

2. Why is the evolution of whales puzzling?

3. What was Darwin's hypothesis about whale evolution?

EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY HELP!!! Please answer all of them.

1. When kA>kS, then:

a. Scientists would reject the null hypothesis of neutral evolution because the number of replacement substitutions is greater than expected.

b. Scientists would reject the hypothesis that natural selection took place millions of years ago and is no longer relevant

c. Scientists would accept the hypothesis that neutral evolution took place millions of years ago and is no longer relevant

2. Consider the following protein-coding genetic regions (shown starting with their first codons). How many amino acids would be different between AUGUCAGACGCGAAA and AUGUCAGAGGCGAAC based on the standard universal genetic code?

a. There would be a difference in 1 amino acid when translated

b. There would be a difference in 2 amino acids when translated

c. none of the above

3. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Some fossil remnants have revealed pigmentation of body structures

b. Carbon-14 is an unstable isotope with a half-life of less than 10,000 years

c. Oxygen-18 is an unstable isotope with a half-life of less than 10,000 years

d. all of the above

e. A and B, but not C

4. Based on current fossil evidence:

a. ancestors of whales were artiodactyls

b. evolution of baleen forced ancestors of land mammals to become aquatic

c. whales and walruses are more recently diverged than whales and dolphins

d. A and C are correct