Biology 2581B Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Histone H3, Homeobox Protein Nanog, Asymmetric Cell Division

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Properties of stem cells: three different properties are needed for a cell to be classified as a stem cell. Since stem cells are very sensitive, these properties are hard to maintain in vitro: self-renewal: can reproduce themselves, can divide into 2 cells that maintain the same potential. They have distinct roles in maintaining developmental potential or pluripotent cells. Target genes encode a wide variety of proteins, including oct4, nanog, and sox2, forming an autoregulatory loop in which each induced its own expression and that of others. They also induce transcription of genes involved in proliferation and self-renewal of escs. the: protein hormones: prevent differentiation of escs, upon binding of cell- surface receptors. Encoded proteins would otherwise induce differentiation into a particular type of cell. Stem cells can be cultured in vitro by growing them on top of mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

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