Biology 2581B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Sampling Bias, Mendelian Inheritance, X-Inactivation
21 Mar 2020
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Caused by complex interactions b/w genetics & environment. Common but usually have less severe phenotypic consequences. Cause of premature mortality in nearly of all individuals. 2 types of twins: monozygotic/identical: 1 egg fertilized by same sperm. Slight differences due to mutations, epigenetic changes etc: dizygotic/fraternal: 2 separate eggs fertilized by different sperm. 50% alleles in common (same as normal siblings) Concordance: fraction of twin pairs concordant for a trait. Higher concordance in mz = genetics is factor. Concordance <100%: suggests environmental factors influence trait to extent. Higher/same concordance in dz: environment is factor. Differences of resource sharing in intrauterine environment. Somatic recombination: b & t cells recombining portions of geome express unique proteins. Chance of being tested higher if other twin diagnosed w/ disorder. Distinguish effects of gene vs environment on characteristics. Compares characteristic b/w children & biological/adoptive parents. Adoptee - adoptive: share environment but not genetics. Show trait similarities due to environment. Show trait similarities due to genes.
