Biology 2382B Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Paracrine Signalling, Glucocorticoid Receptor, Nuclear Receptor
26 Apr 2013
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Some intrinsic factors external stimuli and how our cells respond to it. Invovles growth factors, cytokines, hormomnes, ecm, neurotransmitters, light sound. Primary signal or signaling molecule (ligand, primary messenger: small molcules (epinephrine, acetylcholine, steroids) , peptide hormons, monoamines etc, large molecules, growth factors cytokines (proteins, this will illicit its initial effect on the receptor. Intracellular signaling and effector proteins: g-proteins, protein kinases and phosphatases, etc. Second messenger: small molecules that can be produced or stores of the moleucles like ions of calcium that can be released and go to different parts of the cell, through second messengers or other. Binding of extracellular signal molecules to either cell-surface or intracellular receptors. These will generally be hydrophobic the messengers are able to pass through the membranes easily to get to the receptors: this is in the case of intracellular receptors. In contrast with cell-surface receptors you"ll have signaling molecules that are hydrophilic.
