PSYC-3450 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Ingroups And Outgroups, Rationality, Availability Heuristic
15 Nov 2018
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Document Summary
A model of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members" striving for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action. Self-censorship, direct pressure, mind guarding, illusory unanimity. New antecedents of groupthink : social identi cation (group is important, salient norms (perceived unanimity, low self-e cacy (group is facing di cult problems) Strategies for avoiding groupthink: avoid directive leadership, encouraging norms of open discussion and constructive con ict resolution, opening the group to outside information and feedback, promoting the role of constructive critic the devil"s advocate . Thursday, november 15, 2018: second chance meetings. Or is rationality is often bounded by . Therefore instead of maximizing we make satisfying decisions. Heuristics: simplifying strategies or mental shortcuts for making decisions, often automatic. E cient and typically e ective, but can produce cognitive biases. Entrepreneurs spend too much time imagining success, pay little attention to possibility of failure.
