BIOL 1111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Comparative Anatomy, Selective Breeding, Uniformitarianism
13 Jun 2018
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Chapter 17- Evolution (Theory)
Evolution: gradual hage of populatios or orgaiss oer tie oer geeratios; does’t happe i
oe’s lifetie, that is osidered deelopet ad groth
History of Evolution Theory
Natural history: study of organismal form and variety in natural environments
-Aristotle elieed there ere fixed groups that did’t hage oer tie “ala Naturae ladder
Taxonomy: biological classification of organisms (based on characteristics)
-Linnaeus
1. Biography
-distribution of organisms related to their position on the Earth (similarities and differences
between similar species in different places)
2. Comparative Morphology
-Buffon Leclerc started to question why there are vestigial structures
-Conceived by nature and produced by time
3. Geology
-Stratification: fossils are different in each layer of sedimentary rock
-Catastrophism: each fossil layer showed a different catastrophic event that killed the organisms
Changes in Earth
-Hutton: Gradualism, the oept of otiuous, slo hage oer a log tie ausig Earth’s hages
-Lyell: Uniformitarianism; the processes used in the past that changed the Earth are still used today
**EARTH IS CONSTANTLY CHANGING**
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
-first theory of evolution, based one 2 mechanisms that were incorrect
1. Principle of use and disuse (the more you use something, the more perfect it becomes)
2. Inheritance of acquired characteristics (pass on that perfect characteristic, ex. Muscles)
-major contributions to evolutionary thought
1. Species change with time
2. Changes are inherited
3. Organisms respond to environment
4. Mechanisms that cause evolutionary changes
-Fostered the discussion of change
Charles Darwin
-born into wealthy, educated family
-dropped out of med school, became clergyman
-travelled and made observations about different species on different islands
-Artificial selection: selected breeding organisms with favourable characteristics to ensure offspring had
characteristics
-Natural selection: all species produce more offspring than necessary to replace parent generation
eause atural seletio does’t allo for all to surie ad reprodue faourale harateristis
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Document Summary
Evolution: gradual (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ge of populatio(cid:374)s or orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)s o(cid:448)er ti(cid:373)e (cid:894)o(cid:448)er ge(cid:374)eratio(cid:374)s(cid:895); does(cid:374)"t happe(cid:374) i(cid:374) o(cid:374)e"s lifeti(cid:373)e, that is (cid:272)o(cid:374)sidered de(cid:448)elop(cid:373)e(cid:374)t a(cid:374)d gro(cid:449)th. Natural history: study of organismal form and variety in natural environments. Aristotle (cid:271)elie(cid:448)ed there (cid:449)ere fixed groups that did(cid:374)"t (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ge o(cid:448)er ti(cid:373)e (cid:894) (cid:272)ala naturae (cid:862)ladder(cid:863)(cid:895) Taxonomy: biological classification of organisms (based on characteristics) Distribution of organisms related to their position on the earth (similarities and differences between similar species in different places: comparative morphology. Buffon leclerc started to question why there are vestigial structures. Conceived by nature and produced by time: geology. Stratification: fossils are different in each layer of sedimentary rock. Catastrophism: each fossil layer showed a different catastrophic event that killed the organisms. Hutton: gradualism, the (cid:272)o(cid:374)(cid:272)ept of (cid:272)o(cid:374)ti(cid:374)uous, slo(cid:449) (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ge o(cid:448)er a lo(cid:374)g ti(cid:373)e (cid:272)ausi(cid:374)g earth"s (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ges. Lyell: uniformitarianism; the processes used in the past that changed the earth are still used today.
