BIOL 312 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Datura Wrightii, Xylella Fastidiosa, Glycoside

• School: University of Victoria
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 312
• Professor: Steve Perlman

Document Summary

Major herbivorous: coleoptera, hymenoptera, lepidoptera, diptera, hemiptera, thysanoptera, Long evolutionary history of herbivory: carboniferous (300 mya): associations with ancient plants (conifers, ferns, cycads), examples of these associations are evident today. Types of herbivory: leaf chewing, leaf-mining, stem boring, sap sucking, gall inducing, seed predation, frugivory. Coevolution: reciprocal evolutionary interactions between two organisms (e. g. host and parasite, plant and insect). Diffuse (reciprocal change among groups) vs. specific (change among pairs) coevolution. Coevolution can happen without co-speciation and vice versa. Co-speciation: parallel diversification (e. g. lice, obligate endosymbionts from mother to offspring). Plant defenses, nutrient quality (symbionts for obligate plant sap feeders). Plant defenses: herbivory has major effect on plant fitness and is a dominant selective force. Food quality and plant defense is a major selective force for insects. Insect-(cid:448)e(cid:272)tored pla(cid:374)t diseases: (cid:448)iruses a(cid:374)d (cid:271)a(cid:272)teria, e. g. pier(cid:272)e(cid:859)s disease i(cid:374) grapes, caused by xylella fastidiosa, a bacterium vectored by the glassy-winged sharpshooter hemiptera.