PSL301H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Hydrothorax, Intercostal Nerves, Phrenic Nerve
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PSL301H1 Full Course Notes
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Activation of stretch receptors (located on alveoli) -> relaxation of diaphragm: diaphragm, upper airways, sternocleidomastoids, scalenes, external intercostals, abdominal muscles force ribs inward when contracted. Internal intercostals - force ribs inward when contracted. Lift ribs (sternocleidomastoids and scalenes) and expand thorax (external intercostals) Birth defect in which there is an opening in the diaphragm -> severe breathing difficulty. When an organ pushed through the muscle or tissue that holds it. Pressure in thoracic cavity/lungs drops (negative pressure) and air moves in: lubrication, hold lungs tight against the thoracic walls (suction/adherence) Air in the pleural cavity caused by puncture leading to lung collapsing inward. Tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis and decreased breathing sounds on the side affected. Hyperventilation or increase in co2 caused by volunteer contraction of intercostal and abdominal muscles. More air left in lungs after expiration -> emphysema caused by destruction of tissue surrounding alveoli.
