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NMC382Y1 Lecture Notes - Dahshur, Bent Pyramid, Meidum

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jadeseal755
25 Apr 2012
School
UTSG
Department
Near & Middle Eastern Civilizations
Course
NMC382Y1
Professor
Ron Leprohon

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Document Summary

Tombs of the late middle kingdom and early new kingdom (dynasty 17) near. Papyrus abbott we went on inspection tour because there were certain claims made by the mayor of thebes about tomb robberies on the west bank. Page 2: description of a tomb robbery really long. Page 3: they get a little more terse. At the end: a summary of the tombs inspected, those found to be intact: 9 robbed: 1. Tombs of the chantresses of amun: 4 violated. Letters to the dead: some were written in bowls. Egyptians believed that the human being consisted of a number of elements. First one 2 arms = person"s ka. Kind of like a spirit/soul but soul is dangerous because it transposes one faith on another. When you see a false door in a tomb it"s the ka that is meant to be coming out of the false door. They realized that what they call the corpse stays in the tomb.

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Related Questions

Question 1

Evolutionary algorithms are used:

In engineering, to arrive at solutions by going through many permutations of possible solutions and allowing them to evolve.
A genetic feature of complex organisms.
A process undergone by the human brain, which is similar to evolution by natural selection.
Another term used for a computer algorithm in general.

Question 2

Human literature and languages can be studied using methods similar to those used for constructing phylogenies because:

There is no other way of studying these things.
Languages evolve roughly along the lines of species, with mutations (changes in words and pronunciation), descent with modification (languages becoming more different along the way), and branching of languages (languages giving rise to other languages that are similar to them).
Because literature and languages are constructed by organisms (human beings), so what applies to one must apply to the other.
Languages undergo a process of word swapping, which is analogous to horizontal gene transfer.

Question 3

The degree to which horizontal gene transfer occurs in eukaryotes is:

Something upon which the entire validity of evolutionary biology hinges.
A mystery that may or may not disprove evolution, but we simply don't know enough about it at this point.
Something that would overthrow the notion that this phenomenon is important in bacteria.
An interesting and potentially important aspect of biology with relevance for how evolution occurs, but not something that would call it into question one way or the other.

Question 4

Learning about the history of scientific theories and the reasons for why they are initially accepted or rejected is important mostly because:

It makes for exciting story telling, and this is very much needed to get people interested in science.
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B. On December 31, 2017, High Tech, Inc. learned that itscompetitor had introduced a product using a software developmentover which High Tech has exclusive patent rights. High Tech filedsuit and its attorneys felt, it was probable that the companyshould recover at least $600,000. The company’s December 31, 2017year-end financial statements were issued on March, 15, 2018.

C. At the end of its first year of operations, the MedinaCompany has a balance in accounts receivable of $1,500,000. Basedon an aging of the accounts receivable, the company believes itprobable that it will be unable to collect $70,000 of thesereceivables.

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E. ABC Credit Cards Inc is being sued for antitrust violationsrelated to its credit card activities. The company’s attorneysbelieve that it is probable that findings of antitrust violationswill be sustained against the company. The attorneys’ estimate oflosses is from $20,000,000 to $40,000,000, with the most likelyexpected settlement to be around $25,000,000.

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Required:

For each situation, discuss how and whether the contingencyshould be reflected in the company’s financial statements. If thecontingency should be accrued, prepare the journal entry. If thecompany were following IFRS, would the answer be different on anyof the situations described?

PLEASE SHOW WORK

In connection with an audit of our financial statements at December 31, 2014, and for the year then end, management of the Company has prepared, and furnished to our auditors, Cole & Cole, CPAs, a description and evaluation of certain contingencies, including those set forth below, involving matters with respect to which you have been engage and to which you have devoted substantive attention on behalf of the company in the form of legal consultation or representation. Your response should include matters that existed at December 31, 2014. Because of the confidentiality of all these matter, your response may be limited.

In November 2014, an action was brought against the company by an outside salesman alleging breach of contract for sales commissions and asking an accounting with respect to claims for fees and commissions. The causes of action claim damages of $3, 000,000, but the company believe it has meritorious defenses to the claims. The possible exposure of the company to a successful judgement on behalf of the plaintiff is slight.

In July 2014, an action was brought against the company by industrial Manufacturing company (industrial) alleging patent infringement and seeking damages of $20,000,000.

On October 16, 2014, the U.S. District Court decided that the company had infringed on seven Industrial patents and awarded damages of 14,000,000. The company vigorously denies these allegations and has filed an appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals. The appeal process is unexpected to take approximately two years, but there is some chance that consolidated may ultimately prevail.

Please furnish to our auditors such explanation, if any that you consider necessary to supplement this information, including an explanation, if any, that you consider necessary to supplement this information, including an explanation of those matters as to which you views may differ from those stated, and an identification of the omission of any pending or threatened litigation, claims and assessments or a statement that the list of such matters is complete. Your response may be quoted or referred to in the financial statements without further correspondence with you.

You also consulted on various other matters considered to be pending or threatened litigation. However, you may not comment on these matters because publicizing them may alert potential plaintiffs to the strengths of their cases. In addition, various other matters probable of assertion that have some chance of an unfavorable outcome, as of December 31, 2014, are presently considered unasserted claims and assessments.

Respectfully,
C.R. Brown
Chief Financial Officer

Read problem 11.56 Client Request for Attorney Letter on pages 491 and 492 of the textbook. Describe the omissions, ambiguities, and inappropriate statements and terminology in Brown’s letter. Remember that this is Brown’s letter requesting a response to auditors, but it must request responses in the manner most useful to auditors.

Reference

Louwers, T. J., Ramsay, R. J., Sinason, D. H., Strawser, J. R., & Thibodeau, J. C. (2015). Auditing & assurance services (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.