NMC103H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Malik, Padishah, Córdoba, Andalusia
15 Dec 2015
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Document Summary
Rulers and subjects: islamic views on government and society. Religio-political community (umma) established by muhammad in medina 622 ad. First head muhammad; authority based on charisma, divine election as messenger of. Represents golden age ; remains the ideal; but not really a state . After death of muhammad (632 ad), problem of achieving consensus on issues of leadership and legal authority; possible models: traditional/hereditary; non-hereditary chosen. Eventually traditional/hereditary model prevails rule by umayyad, abbasid caliphal dynasties. Results in 2 civil wars in first, umayyads victorious; ali assassinated 661; in second, Ali"s son husayn and family massacred at karbala 680 momentous event in shi ite history; development of culture of martyrdom; beginning of doctrinal split based on genealogical descent of imams from ali. Caliph (khalifa) theocratic ruler, no separation of temporal and spiritual authority. Title commander of the believers (amir al-mu"minin) applied to head of muslim community. Early islamic empires headed by caliphal rulers: rightly-guided/orthodox, umayyad,
