LMP299Y1 Lecture Notes - Tumor Lysis Syndrome, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Lactate Dehydrogenase
13 Apr 2014
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Induction phase can last up to 30 years. Invasion phase: dissemination (metastasis): 1 to 5 years from diagnosis a. Indicative of uncontrollable cancer: critical to detect cancer early before metastasis because once that happens, it is very aggressive and difficult to control and the methods/options to intervene become less and less c. Ideally at induction phase but not possible because not certain if cancer will actually develop into aggressive or not. Local effects mass growing of tumour will obstruct blood vessels and ducts and thus destruction of tissue. Systemic effects: ectopic secretion of hormones, lung cancer: small cell carcinomas produce acth, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Physical symptoms, changes in biochemical parameters liver aminotransferases (alt, ast) adrenal abnormalities (cortisol) elevated urate, lactate dehydrogenase, calcium proteinuria and renal failure (kidney might fail working) Chemotherapy cytotoxicity (want to kill tumor cells, but other proliferating cells will be killed as well ) tumor lysis syndrome hyperuricemia (high in uric acid) hypomagnesemia (low)
