IMM250H1 Lecture : Imm250 Lecture 1 Wed.docx

264 views4 pages

yellowcrow748

21 Feb 2012

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

The bubonic plague came from the east: china. Deadliest pandemic in human history is black death (b. plague) Responsible for killing 30-60% of europeans from 1350-1400. Plague was thought to have spread through trade routes. Rats carried fleas (the black colour rats) which wasn t vicious to humans but they carried the bacteria yersinia pestis. Cats @ this time was considered evil therefore no one kept cats to eliminate rats. The mongol empire collapsed because of b. The church was responsible for medicine, bishops were like doctors. So therefore ppl were mad @ the church when they couldn t do anything about the illness. The socio, economical, political impact: the end of feudalism. There was plenty of farm land available and ppl took the opportunity to seize farm land. But it was hard to find ppl to work the farm land because workers would ask for $ or compensation which was not widely practiced earlier.

Related Questions

The Tasmanian devil, a marsupial indigenous to the island of Tasmania (and formerly mainland Australia as well), experienced a population bottleneck in the late 1800s when farmers did their best to eradicate it. After it became a protected species, the population rebounded, but it is now experiencing a health crisis putting it at risk for disappearing again. Many current Tasmanian devil populations are plagued by a type of cancer called devil facial tumor disease, which occurs inside individual animalsâ mouths. Afflicted Tasmanian devils can actually pass their cancer cells from one animal to another during mating rituals that include vicious biting around the mouth. Unlike the immune systems of other species, including humans, the Tasmanian devilâs immune system does not reject the passed cells as foreign or nonself (as we reject a liver transplant from an unmatched donor), but accepts them as if they were their own cells. Why would a population bottleneck result in the inability of one devilâs immune system to recognize another devilâs cells as foreign? ANSWERS WITHIN ONE SENTENCE:

When someone gets a bone marrow transplant, they have to be quarantined and carefully protected from pathogens for a period of time afterward. Why?

	A.	Bone marrow produces the main cells involved in the specific immune response, so these patients are at special risk of infection until they build up enough marrow to produce sufficient cells.
	B.	Bone marrow produces blood cells, so they have insufficient circulation for a period of time so their immune system lacks the energy to fight off any infection.
	C.	Anytime a foreign substance, even someone else's bone marrow, is introduced to a body, there is an extra risk of infection.
	D.	A common complication of bone marrow transplants is infection, and doctor's don't want the infection to spread to others.
	E.	It's a traumatic procedure, and any extra stress on their body could kill them.

There is antibody-mediated and cell-mediated specific immunity. Which type of cells are primarily involved in the antibody-mediated immune response?

	A.	Macrophages
	B.	B cells
	C.	Complement proteins
	D.	T cells
	E.	Antigens

From the bacteria's perspective, why is it helpful that it produce diarrhea in people?

	A.	Because it gets the bacteria out of the person and, likely, into the next one
	B.	It's not helpful really. That's just what that toxin causes.
	C.	Because that quickly kills the person
	D.	Because it makes the patient too unpleasant to be around
	E.	Because there is no real treatment for that

Where do prions come from?

	A.	There are prion-like particles in the brain normally, and when these become abnormal they can cause disease.
	B.	Mosquitoes.
	C.	They are clumps which form from normal prion-like particles in the blood that travel to the brain.
	D.	They are introduced by infectious protozoa.
	E.	Contaminated water.

1) What is the most efficient and cost-effective way to control infectious diseases? A) variolation C) passive immunotherapy using immunoglobulins B) active immunization by vaccination D) immune testing E) autoimmunization 2) Variolation was first used _______ A) to immunize the Chinese against smallpox. B) to protect individuals against the plague during the Middle Ages. C) to spread smallpox throughout the Native American populations. D) to treat individuals exposed to hepatitis. E) for research purposes in the 20th century. 3) Almost a century after Edward Jenner introduced successful vaccination, Louis Pasteur developed vaccine(s) against A) anthrax. B) human cholera. C) rabies. D) influenza. E) both anthrax and rabies. 4) Pathogens may be attenuated for use in vaccines by ______ A) raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells. B) genetic manipulation. C) treatment with formaldehyde. D) genetic manipulation coupled with treatment with formaldehyde. E) genetic manipulation and/or raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells. 5) Which of the following statements regarding an inactivated vaccine is FALSE? A) It can be produced with deactivated whole microorganisms. B) It can be produced from antigenic fragments of a pathogen. C) It is safer than an attenuated vaccine. D) It is made from mutated forms of the pathogen. E) It is made from pathogens that cannot replicate. 6) Which of the following substances is commonly used to inactivate microbes before using them for vaccination? A) formaldehyde B) aluminum C) mineral oil D) saponin E) aluminum phosphate 7) What type of vaccine is the hepatitis B vaccine? A) inactivated whole pathogen B) attenuated vaccine C) toxoid vaccine D) a recombinant vaccine composed of a single antigen of the hepatitis virus E) a vaccine produced by treating the virus with formaldehyde 8) An infectious disease researcher isolates the pathogen responsible for an emerging disease. The microbe is grown in the lab for many generations. A preparation of the laboratory-grown microbe is treated with ionizing radiation and then tested for its potential as a vaccine. What type of vaccine is this? A) attenuated B) subunit C) combination D) toxoid E) inactivated whole 9) OPV, the attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine, is no longer administered in the U.S.A. because it A) is very toxic. B) does not provide good immunity. C) can revert to wild-type virulence. D) can be spread to contacts. E) can be spread to contacts and can revert to wild-type virulence. 10) Hybridomas are factories for antibodies and are produced by _____ A) combining two virus-infected cells. B) fusing plasma cells with myeloma cells. C) repeated culture of a pathogen until it loses its virulence. D) combining a viral infected cell with a bacterial infected cell. E) combining two bacterial infected cells. 11) The study and diagnosis of antigen-antibody interactions in the blood is known as _____ A) immunology. B) hematology. C) serology. D) cytology. E) histology. 12) Which type of antibody assay is represented in this figure? A) an indirect ELISA C) an indirect immunofluorescence assay B) a direct ELISA D) a western blot E) an immunodiffusion assay 13) Titration is a serological procedure that A) identifies the causative microbe of an infectious disease. B) determines the amount of an antibody in the blood. C) must be done before the western blot test to diagnose HIV. D) is used for blood grouping. E) has been replaced by genetic engineering in isolating the antigen of a pathogen. 14) A woman uses a home pregnancy test kit that tests for hCG hormone in urine. She knows this is a type of antibody assay from the kit brochure. Antibodies reacting with the hormone produce two lines on the test strip. What specific type of antibody assay does this represent? A) a direct immunofluoresence test C) an immunochromatographic assay B) a complement fixation test D) an ELISA E) a neutralization assay 15) The complement fixation test uses red blood cells as the target for complement activation. Test serum containing antibodies is combined with a known amount of antigen in a tube, and then the RBCs and antibodies against the RBCs are added. A positive result for the complement fixation test would be A) a line of precipitate near the bottom of the tube. C) loss of color in the tube. B) a cloudy solution in the tube. D) a fluorescent precipitate. E) a solution that is clear due to precipitation of RBCs.

lilaccod196

IMM250H1 Lecture : Imm250 Lecture 1 Wed.docx

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

[IMM250H1] - Final Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (79 pages long)

IMM250H1 Study Guide - Final Guide: Adaptive Immune System

IMM250H1 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Pneumocystis Jirovecii, César Milstein, Orthomyxoviridae

Related Questions