HMB265H1 Lecture 20: Using Genetics to Understand Development (Lecture 20)
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HMB265H1 Full Course Notes
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Development arises from a single cell into a complex organism this occurs because of regulated gene expression: mutagens: are molecules that induces changes in surrounding tissues. Model organisms are used to study development: zebra fish, nematode c. elegans, drosophila, arabidopsis, mice. In the homozygous form there are no eyes and they are always mutant. Forward genetics: going from the phenotype to the genotype to identify the mutants: take a mouse expose it to mutagenesis (random screens) screen the progeny for different type of interesting developmental mutations. The drosophila is a huge model organism that has been studied. Mutants in larva are easy to identify due to the exoskeleton: any changes can be easily seen, imaginal disks: disk-shaped regions that give rise to specific appendages and tissues in each segment. Christiane nusslein-volhard and eric wieschaus postulated different types of mutations that affect the development of drosophila mutants: discovered genes required for anteroposterior pattern formation.
