HMB200H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Central Pattern Generator, Brown Adipose Tissue, Perspiration

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coppercattle724

15 Aug 2012

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5x bigger brains than reptiles due to internal body heat. Birds & mammals control body temperature near 37 c. Advantages: constant physiology, better brain fn, bigger brains, adaptation to extreme envts: not envt"al temp dependent so brain & body doesn"t slow down, so faster & better brain fn"ing allowing for survival. Costs: more insulation needed (fat, feathers, fur), more energy needed, more internal controls. Need recs for temp on skin, throughout body & in hypothal to main body temp. Metabolism of brown fat get warmer. Body made up of ~65% h2o, for cell chemistry, and for movement of nutrients and cells (e. g. blood and lymph). Intracellular & extracellular compartments separated by semi- permeable membranes that control ions & other chemicals. Spinal cord: high set zone: set zone = what range the area keeps the temp. Water moves from area of low salt conc to area of high salt conc until conc eqm.

Related Questions

Why does it make sense that the sensors and controller of body temperature reside in the brain?

	A.	Because the brain enables the body's response to temperature changes
	B.	Because deep inside the brain is considered the body's core
	C.	Because temperature changes happen most quickly in the brain
	D.	Because the brain works best at the correct temperature
	E.	Because temperature changes affect the brain first

How does the hypothalamus monitor water in the body?

	A.	If blood is too concentrated, the hypothalamus nerve cells will contain too much salt.
	B.	If blood is too concentrated, the hypothalamus it registers dehydration in its own cells.
	C.	If blood is too concentrated, the hypothalamus registers ADH in the blood.
	D.	If blood is too concentrated, nerve cells in the hypothalamus it has nerve cells that lose water by osmosis and fire more slowly.
	E.	If blood is too concentrated, in the hypothalamus it registers that its cells are losing water by osmosis.

Peripheral/endocrine signals interact with hypothalamic circuitsto control motivated behavior. In particular, the roles of specificpopulations of neurons within the hypothalamus regulate feeding andmetabolic activity. The action of hormones on these neurons is alsowell known.

Describe the effects of satiety hormones (insulin and leptin) onthe hypothalamus and the action of specific hypothalamic nuclei inregulating feeding and metabolic activity. Your answer shouldspecify the specific area(s) in which the hormones bind (i.e. wherethere are receptors), the output(s) from the hormone bindingarea(s) to other hypothalamic areas, and the outputs from thehypothalamus to other brain/body areas that generate changes infood-seeking behavior and changes in metabolic rate throughout thebody.

goldmallard347

The maintenance of homeostasis is of major importance to all organ systems in the body and the overall survival of the individual. Explain how homeostasis is the maintenance of a dynamic range of environmental qualities rather than holding the internal environment at a set point. What would be wrong with a set point (say for body temperature) rather than a working range of temperatures?

The endocrine system is closely tied to homeostasis functioning. Give two examples of hormones (including their glands of origin and action) that play major roles in homeostatic processes in the body. What happens if these hormones are disrupted in their actions?

Also, look at how we adapt to survival in the outside world. Discuss how maintaining homeostasis gives us greater freedom of activity from dependence upon changes in the external environment. What happens during extremes that force our bodies out of homeostatic bounds? Give specific examples.

Why is the maintenance of homeostasis especially important during development of new humans within the bodies of their mothers? What can go wrong if specific homeostatic functions are disrupted?

goldcattle889

HMB200H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Central Pattern Generator, Brown Adipose Tissue, Perspiration

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