HIS109Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Great Fear, Philosophes, Tennis Court Oath
02/12/2015
Lecture 20
The French Revolution
A-R. TURGOT
C. DE CALONNE
NOBLESSE DE LA ROBE
HOBEREAUX
CAHIERS
BASTILLE
• Divided by clergy, nobility, everybody else
• Monopoly of positions of advancement within the church
• Church was property of noble class
In 1789, there were only between 100000-150000 clerics (all kinds of men
who adopted the dress, were called abbots—ee though a had’t take
their final vows
Owned 10% of land, exempt from taxation
Lower clergy tended to come from the same community they served (ex.
peasant community, town)
Social inferiority, impossible for them to rise
Greater church belonged to nobility (such as bishops, etc.) nobles gave sons
to the church at a young age
Discontent
Belief that free gifts/o taes, ade people aggraated ith the church
• About 400000 men and women were the nobles, who owned about 1/3 of France
• Aristocrats were descendants of ancient royal families (such as Charlemagne and royal
knights)
• Monopoly of power and nobility meant public authority only if you were noble (dog
catchers automatically became aristocrats as long as they acted like nobles)
Noblesse de la Robe
• The service nobility the Noblesse de la robe were far more liberal than aristocratic
family
• Value element of service to community, education
• Translate ambition, intelligence and wealth from 3rd into 2nd
• Many of these families became socially ambitious
• Acted like court nobility arrogant
• Started to isolate service nobility from people
• Did allow for success, wealth and ambition to be translated into political influence
Hobereaux
• Poor nobility
• Despised, loathed by everybody, especially by tenants
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Document Summary
Bastille: divided by clergy, nobility, everybody else, monopoly of positions of advancement within the church, church was property of noble class. In 1789, there were only between 100000-150000 clerics (all kinds of men who adopted the dress, were called abbots e(cid:448)e(cid:374) though (cid:373)a(cid:374)(cid:455) had(cid:374)"t take(cid:374) their final vows. Owned 10% of land, exempt from taxation. Lower clergy tended to come from the same community they served (ex. peasant community, town) Social inferiority, impossible for them to rise. Greater church belonged to nobility (such as bishops, etc. ) nobles gave sons to the church at a young age. Hobereaux: poor nobility, despised, loathed by everybody, especially by tenants. Third estate: 95% of people of france, 80% agricultural, relatively free, farmers start to read, become literate know that things can be better, middle class constituted 8% of france. Get taxes immediately: officers were violent, vicious, extortionists.
