HIS109Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Calvinism, Pierre Trudeau, Spiritual Exercises Of Ignatius Of Loyola
26/10/2015
Lecture 10
TRENT (1545-1563)
ROMAN INQUISITION (1542)
LOYOLA (1491-1556)
JESUITS
PHILIP II (1556-1598)
WILLIAM OF ORANGE (D. 1584)
GUISE VS. BOURBON
HENRY IV → BOURBON (1589-1610)
NANTES (1598)
LES POLITIQUES
• How did the Catholic Church respond?
• Ensure political and religious unification → dramatic effects
• Thomas Cromwell, Martin Luther, John Calvin → advocate power of state should be
used to control almost every aspect of a citizens life
• Niccolo Machiavelli → council did nothing
Nothing should stand in the way of the needs of the state
• Ambitions of city took on deeper meaning → controlled inner confessional and outer
economic lives
• Criminal/illegal/immoral action in order to further state → whatever needed to be done
was a way of determining policy itself
• Governments always behaved this way
• Benefits the prince or state had to be enforced
• After 16th etury eets this idea of riial ehaior for reasos of state hih a
justify any kind of act begins to appear (still with us, in times of great emergency the
state can do anything)
• Those people that controlled the state were those who saw themselves as represented
as sovereignty
• Reasons of state seen everywhere
• Raiso d’Etats → Reasons of State begin to appear (state can do anything)
• Social and political stakes so high, now also religious belief
• Worked everywhere including church
• Roman Catholic church lost millions of money, people → needed to fight back
How will they respond to it? Turn tide back?
• Roman church adopted principles and used them effectively to try to defeat
Protestantism
• Organize in model of powerful centralized monarchy
• Stop protestant spread
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
26/10/2015
• Church reorganized itself based on the model of centralized monarchy → stop
protestant spread and return ppl to Catholicism
• In 1534, Pope Paul III stepped in to restructure Roman church and address issues, to
keep ppl who were still there with the church, combat Protestantism
• Some abuses of church identified by humanists had to be addressed
• This required a general council to represent Catholics, and reshape/ enforce doctrine
• Began in 1545, took almost 20 years before the final report was issued
• Reaffirm protestant points, sorry but they are actually right
• Traditions of teachings of church →1500 years of tradition, this counts for heaven
• Free will → good works played role in salvation
• Central authority of pope something or other
• One person who said what was right or wrong
• 1542: roman inquisition
• DSepended on local circumstances
• After this it was centralized → decisions came from Rome
• Took almost 20 years before final report was issued → reaffirm the points that the
Protestat leaders had opposed say they’re ot rog, ut right
Ex. Thomas Aquinas → 7 sacraments reaffirmed—had to do them to be Catholic
• Teachings of Roman church went back to traditions, free will endorsed, good will
rewarded, rituals reinstated, no longer simple church practice as believed by the
Protestants
• Roman Inquisition → decisions came from Rome, more centralized; works, deeds, and
thoughts had to be approved (faith was enforced)
Index of forbidden books from then on, until 1966
Rigorous and defined orthodox beliefs—faithful were forced to conform
Penalties for being aware of contents of forbidden books (list grew each year)
Protestantism had spread quickly because of printing press
Ex. Niccolo Machiavelli was on the list
• Ignatius Loyola & The Society of Jesus for the Jesuits
Very successful in South America, Indian subcontinent, etc.
Catholic nations
Loyola was a nobleman raised in feudal times
Set an example for his followers
Grew up in an environment full of military glory and fanatic religion
Leg almost blown off by a cannonball while serving in the war
Durig his oalesee, he started readig aout saits’ lies
Realized he was fighting the wrong battle—you should be fighting for Christ, not
the king
Used military training to help Catholics
Started a monastery, had a vision that lasted for 8 days and in it he saw the
shape of the religious order he would found
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Turn tide back: roman church adopted principles and used them effectively to try to defeat. Protestantism: organize in model of powerful centralized monarchy, stop protestant spread. 26/10/2015: church reorganized itself based on the model of centralized monarchy stop protestant spread and return ppl to catholicism. Protesta(cid:374)t leaders had opposed (cid:894)say they"re (cid:374)ot (cid:449)ro(cid:374)g, (cid:271)ut right(cid:895) Thomas aquinas 7 sacraments reaffirmed had to do them to be catholic: teachings of roman church went back to traditions, free will endorsed, good will rewarded, rituals reinstated, no longer simple church practice as believed by the. Protestants: roman inquisition decisions came from rome, more centralized; works, deeds, and thoughts had to be approved (faith was enforced) Index of forbidden books from then on, until 1966. Rigorous and defined orthodox beliefs faithful were forced to conform. Penalties for being aware of contents of forbidden books (list grew each year) Protestantism had spread quickly because of printing press.
