ECO200Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Minimum Railway Curve Radius, Economic Equilibrium, Demand Curve

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In short run, fixed capital prohibits entry/exit; existing firms adjust q in response to demand changes; the extent of changes in p determined by the mc. In long run, changes in demand can be responded by entry/exit; long-run price is all about costs (); long- run supply must be more elastic than short-run since the amount of capital is adjustable. Be reminded that economic modelling involves extreme assumptions and relaxing these assumptions. So large number of buyers and sellers that no individual firm or buyer cannot influence the price. It is generally easy for entry and exit. In the short-run, at least one factor of production fixed (usually capital). An individual firm produces x units of goods where. An individual firm produces the optimal quantity as long as the revenue at that q is at least as large as costs the firm can avoid (variable costs and non-sunk fixed costs).

Related Questions

Match the following.

constant-cost industry	A market structure in which a large number of firms sell a homogenous product or service with no restrictions on entry or exit and each firm is a price-taker.
increasing-cost industry	The demand facing a price-taking firm.
long-run equilibrium	A firm produces zero output but must still pay its fixed costs.
marginal revenue product	Price below which a firm shuts down in the short run.
perfect competition	All firms produce where price equals long-run marginal cost, and economic profits are zero.
perfectly elastic demand	Industry in which input prices rise as all firms in the industry expand output.
shut down	Industry in which input prices remain constant as all firms in the industry expand output.
the shut-down price	The additional revenue earned by hiring one more unit of a variable input.

viridianhare336

Which of the following is not necessarily a characteristic of perfect competition? (Points: 1)

low prices
a large number of buyers and sellers
a homogeneous product
perfect information

2. In the short run, a perfectly competitive ball bearing manufacturer will continue to produce at a loss if (Points :1)
it is covering all of its variable cost plus part of its fixed cost

it is covering all of its fixed cost
variable cost is less than the fixed cost
fixed cost is zero

3. The golden rule of profit maximization states that any firm maximizes profit by producing where (Points :
marginal revenue equals marginal cost
demand is unit elastic, and total revenue is the greatest
price equals marginal revenue
price equals marginal cost

4. Which of the characteristics of perfect competition assures that economic profit will be zero in the long run? (Points: 1)
There are easy entry and exit in the market.
Each firm is a price taker.
Each firm has access to perfect information.
Each firm is small relative to the market.

5. A constant-cost industry is distinguished by the fact that(Points: 1)
firms' short-run average total costs are horizontal
firms' short-run marginal cost curves are horizontal
the long-run industry supply curve is perfectly elastic
the short-run industry supply curve is perfectly elastic

6. Commodity products are (Points: 1)
pasteurized
bland
perceived by consumers to be identical
made by one manufacturer

7. In a perfectly competitive industry we are likely to find(Points: 1)
firms producing a wide variety of products
barriers to entry
no profit possible in the short run
firms that do not advertise

8. Perfectly competitive firms are price takers because (Points :1)
all small firms must take the price set by the largest firm in the market
firms take the price that government determines is a "fair" price
each firm is small and goods are perfect substitutes for one another
free entry and exit in the short run creates a constant market price in the long run

9. In perfect competition, if one firm raises its price, (Points :1)
others will follow
that firm will increase its revenues
that firm will lose revenues because other firms will not follow
all consumers will be adversely affected

10. Suppose, at its present rate of output, a perfectly competitive firm's marginal revenue exceeds both its marginal cost and its average variable cost. To maximize profit, the firm should (Points: 1)
lower the price
raise the price
increase output
reduce output

tanpig844

Step 1: Read the following scenario. Imagine a market where there is perfect competition between two or more companies, such as a fish market where vendors offer the same products at the same price or online ticket auctions like StubHub. In this market there are four key elements to perfect competition: a large number of buyers and sellers no barriers to entry or exit perfect mobility for customers choosing products homogenous products

Step 2: Use the scenario to answer the following questions. In a one-page (250-word) document, answer the following questions using the information provided in the scenario in Step 1: Explain how output, price, and profit are determined in your perfectly competitive market in the long run. How does that lead to efficiency? How could changes in technology affect the market? How could an increase in demand affect the market? What are the effects of new businesses entering the market? What are the effects of businesses leaving the market?

mauvepig773

ECO200Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Minimum Railway Curve Radius, Economic Equilibrium, Demand Curve

ECO200Y1 Full Course Notes

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