CRI205H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Donald Cressey, Differential Association, Gabriel Tarde
6 Feb 2018
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Social learning theories: started from gabriel tarde with his theory of imitation, comes from concepts and theories of psychology. Idea of crime and the values, motivates and beliefs that promote crime are normal human learning processes. Differential reinforcement theory: consistent with the principles of operant conditioning, behavioural modelling, positive and negative reinforcements. Neutralization theory: skyes and matza: most people- including criminals - stick to conventional values and beliefs, crime, therefore, must be rationalized in order to neutralize feelings of guilt. These rationalizations must be learned: techniques of neutralization. 1) denial of responsibility: denial of injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of the condemners, appeal to higher loyalties. Social control theory: why do people obey the law, hirschi: causes of delinquency, crime and delinquency caused by a weakening of the ties that bind people to society, caused by weakening of, attachmet, commitment.
