CHM135H1 Lecture 2: CHM135 Unit 2
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CHM135H1 Full Course Notes
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Chapter six ~ eight, ten ~ twelve, unit two: the octet rule: Main-group elements tend to undergo reactions that leave them with filled s (2) and p (8) sublevels in their valence electron shell. (only applies 100% to c, n, o and f) Formal charge = # of ve in free atom # of ve in bonded atom. A positive formal charge and a negative formal charge can"t co-exist: bonds form because the molecule formed has a lower energy than the atoms apart, ionic bonding: Electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions formed from electron transfer. Coulombic attraction provides enough energy to cause salt formation: covalent bonding: There is an optimum distance between nuclei called the bond length where net attractive forces are maximized: electronegativity and polarity. Electronegativity is defined as the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract the shared electrons in a covalent bond.
