BCH210H1 Lecture : Chapter 12 Lipids.docx
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BCH210H1 Full Course Notes
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Lipids are essential components of all living organisms. Much greater variation than proteins and carbohydrates. Water insoluble, highly soluble in nonpolar solvents. Can be strictly hydrophobic (small number, not usually biological) or more often amphipathic with both polar and non-polar regions. Classes of lipids almost all biological lipids are amphipathic. Fatty acids have a general formula of rcooh (where r is a hydrocarbon chain) Isoprene-based (5-c) lipids (include steroids, lipid vitamins, and terpenes) called isoprenoids: steroid hormones regulation. Fatty acids more than 100 different fatty acids. Most have a pka of ~ 4. 5-5. 0 therefore ionized at physiological ph. Concentration of free fatty acid is low in cells because if high could disrupt membranes. Joined to other molecules by an ester linkage (i. e. glycerol) Rc=o moiety contributed by the acid is the acyl group (e. g. esters of linoleate are called linoleoyl esters)