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BCH210H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Phospholipid, Micelle, Phase Transition

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burgundymule401

31 Jan 2018

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Stavroula Andreopoulos

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BCH210H1 Full Course Notes

BCH210H1 Full Course Notes

Document Summary

Lipids are defined by their properties by how they are insoluble in polar solvents and solvent in nonpolar solvents. Each cell has a membra,e the membrane compartmentalizes all the organelles in the cell. Lipids can self assemble into membranes, they come together on their own. Lipids are made as individual species and they have to self assemble into lipid bilayers. At the lipid tails, the water forms a cage around the tail. These are unfavourable interactions for the lipid, but the water can h ond to it. The head group is polar and water wants to interact with the head groups. If only 1 fatty acid is in water, it cant self assemble. As we increase the conc of lipids, they start to assemble because they want to minimize the unfavourable interactions between the tails and water. As they assbmel, we are approaching a more stable energy state.

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Related Questions

Hybridomas are the useful result of a fusion between _______________ and _________________ to obtain hybrid cells that can proliferate and produce _________________ against specific ________________.

	myeloma cells; B lymphocytes; monoclonal antibodies; epitopes
	myeloma cells; T lymphocytes; polyclonal antibodies; antigen
	T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes; monoclonal antibodies; antigen
	T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes; polyclonal antibodies; epitopes

With respect to mammalian cell culture, which of the following statements is true?

	Media used for cell growth contain proteases and a divalent cation chelator to help cells adhere to the surface.
	During the establishment of a cell line, senescence is the last stage of the cell's life.
	Rodent cells cultures undergo spontaneous transformation with similar frequency to human cell cultures.
	Embryonic cell lines do not undergo senescence nor do they have a finite life span.

Epithelial cells have distinct surfaces. Which of these surfaces tends to be involved in secreting proteins out of the cell and into the bloodstream?

	apical
	basal
	All of the answers are correct.
	lateral

Which of the following is NOT true of phospholipid bilayers?

		Phospholipid bilayers separate the cell from the exterior environment as well as from compartments within the cell.
		The interior of phospholipid bilayers is a highly hydrophobic environment.
		Membrane budding requires transient breakages in the bilayer membrane.
		The chemical properties of phospholipids lead to the spontaneous formation of bilayers.

Which of the following is true regarding membrane proteins?

		All peripheral membrane proteins contact the lipid bilayer by covalent attachment to the hydrophilic head groups on membrane lipids.
		Beta strands can assemble into a membrane-spanning barrel structure.
		Lipid-anchored membrane proteins always face the cell exterior.
		A protein with six hydrophobic helices is most likely a lipid-anchored membrane protein.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

		The three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the bilayer are acylation, prenylation, and ubiquitinylation.
		Movement of lipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the membrane bilayer requires specialized transport proteins called flippases.
		Glycoproteins are the basis for blood type compatibility between donor and receiver.
		Glycoproteins are always oriented so that the carbohydrate moieties are exoplasmic.

I need help with pre lab 3 and 4 please :)

Experiment 8: Determination of k 45 Exp 8: Determination of Logkow Values for Four Drugs Objectives . Discover how compound polarity affects absorptiorn e Perform extractions Calculate and compare partition coefficients (Olog Kp)of four different pharmaceutical Intreduction Pharmaceutical drug design involves creating a molecule that will target a general region or site and have a therapeutic effect on the patient. Such properties depend on the drug's structure as well as its affinity for different phases in the body. When orally ingested, a drug moves from the stomach into the small intestine. From there, a drug must pass through a layer of cells before it can enter the bloodstrcam (this process is called absorption) and be distributed throughout the body. This requires crossing through largely non-polar cell membrane twice, first to enter the cell from the intestine side and then to exit the cell for entry into the bloodstream Solubility properties have a large influence on the drug's ability to navigate this trek. The drug must be polar enough to convey water solubility so that it does not precipitate out in the water solution that is well, us. For it to be absorbed into the bloodstream, however, a drug mast be non-polar enough to pass through a non-polar lipid bilayer that forms the membranes of cells. A lipid is an organic molecule that can be extracted from living tissues using non-polar organic solvents. A lipid bilayer is a thin membrane made of two lipid layers; the bilayer forms a spherical non-polar barrier separating the inside of a cell from the outside of a cell. The types of lipids that are found in cell membeanes (most commonly phospholipids (Figure 1)) are amphiphilic molecules consisting of hydrophobic ("water-fearing") and hydrophilic ("water-loving") parts. In lipid bilayers, these amphiphilic molecules arrange themselves such that the inside of the bilayer is hydrophobic while the outside (which faces the aqucous intracellular and extracellular environments) is hydrophilic (Figure 2) Figure 1: A phospholipid containing a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails Figure 2: A cartoon representation ofa layer of cells separating the intestne from the bloodstream. An orally-ingested drug must pass through a cell to enter the Noodstream, cncountering both hydrophobic and hydrophilic environments in the process. Diffusion of Drug

I need help with the pre lab questions:)

Experiment 8: Determination of k 45 Exp 8: Determination of Logkow Values for Four Drugs Objectives . Discover how compound polarity affects absorptiorn e Perform extractions Calculate and compare partition coefficients (Olog Kp)of four different pharmaceutical Intreduction Pharmaceutical drug design involves creating a molecule that will target a general region or site and have a therapeutic effect on the patient. Such properties depend on the drug's structure as well as its affinity for different phases in the body. When orally ingested, a drug moves from the stomach into the small intestine. From there, a drug must pass through a layer of cells before it can enter the bloodstrcam (this process is called absorption) and be distributed throughout the body. This requires crossing through largely non-polar cell membrane twice, first to enter the cell from the intestine side and then to exit the cell for entry into the bloodstream Solubility properties have a large influence on the drug's ability to navigate this trek. The drug must be polar enough to convey water solubility so that it does not precipitate out in the water solution that is well, us. For it to be absorbed into the bloodstream, however, a drug mast be non-polar enough to pass through a non-polar lipid bilayer that forms the membranes of cells. A lipid is an organic molecule that can be extracted from living tissues using non-polar organic solvents. A lipid bilayer is a thin membrane made of two lipid layers; the bilayer forms a spherical non-polar barrier separating the inside of a cell from the outside of a cell. The types of lipids that are found in cell membeanes (most commonly phospholipids (Figure 1)) are amphiphilic molecules consisting of hydrophobic ("water-fearing") and hydrophilic ("water-loving") parts. In lipid bilayers, these amphiphilic molecules arrange themselves such that the inside of the bilayer is hydrophobic while the outside (which faces the aqucous intracellular and extracellular environments) is hydrophilic (Figure 2) Figure 1: A phospholipid containing a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails Figure 2: A cartoon representation ofa layer of cells separating the intestne from the bloodstream. An orally-ingested drug must pass through a cell to enter the Noodstream, cncountering both hydrophobic and hydrophilic environments in the process. Diffusion of Drug