ANT100Y1 Lecture 11: From Food Production to Early States
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ANT100Y1 Full Course Notes
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End of pleistocene (ice age) beginning of holocene, environments change rapidly cold and dry to warm and wet, tundra to forest (europe) expansion and contraction of forests and grasslands (southwest asia) Sea levels rose, restrict available land, higher pop densities. Animals under threat, being extinct (mammoth) herd animals being replaced by solitary spe(cid:272)ies, (cid:272)a(cid:374)"t hu(cid:374)t large (cid:374)u(cid:373)(cid:271)ers. These challenges to hunter-gatherers lead to broad-spectrum collecting. Americas = archaic instead of relying on a few resources, they must rely on smaller supply of more types of resources. Fishing, which takes more work for more amount, more equipment. Eating more seeds, grains (wheat, rice, corn, barley) Agriculture: subsistence based on domesticated plants and animals. Domestication: taming of wild plant and animals by humans, physical and behavioural modification. Agriculture arose independently in multiple locations over a few thousand year (cid:862)lu(cid:272)k of the dra(cid:449)(cid:863) so(cid:373)e regio(cid:374)s had (cid:374)aturall(cid:455) o(cid:272)(cid:272)urri(cid:374)g pla(cid:374)ts a(cid:374)d a(cid:374)i(cid:373)al that (cid:449)ere easil(cid:455) domesticated. People not learning from other people, happening individually.
