PSYC14H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Evolutionism, Relativism

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maroonalpaca618

5 Jul 2018

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● “Iwantedtosharemythoughtswithyoufrom

atotallydifferentangle,asaneducator

concernedwiththedevelopmentalstagesof

childhoodandyoungadulthood.Asaformer

preschoolteacher...itishardformetogive

credencetoaclaimthatthereissomething

objectionably“appropriative”aboutablonde

hairedchild’swantingtobeMulanforaday.

Pretendplayisthefoundationofmost

cognitivetasks,anditseemstomethatwe

wanttobeinthebusinessofencouraging

theexerciseofimagination,notconstraining

it.Iwonder,andIamnottryingtobe

provocative:Istherenoroomanymorefora

childoryoungpersontobealittlebit

obnoxious…alittlebitinappropriateor

provocativeor,yes,offensive?American

universitieswereonceasafespacenotonly

formaturationbutalsoforacertain

regressive,oreventransgressive,

experience;increasingly,itseems,theyhave

becomeplacesofcensureandprohibition.

Nicholassays,ifyoudon’tlikeacostume

someoneiswearing,lookaway,ortellthem

youareoffended.Talktoeachother.Free

speechandtheabilitytotolerateoffenceare

thehallmarksofafreeandopensociety.”

○ Yaleprofessors’opinionsafterthey

gotsaltythattheDeansentoutan

emailtopplnottowearculturally

offensivecostumesforHalloween



● SatiricalartistsdrawingprophetMuhammed

(s.a.v.)andAllah,whichisprohibitedinIslam

○ They'resayingit’sagainsttheir

freedomtoexpressandshit(wtflol)



Approachestomorality

● Universalism:

○ Culturalvariabilityinmoralityexists

onlysuperficially

○ Commonunderlyingstructure

wherebythedifferencesquickly

disappearuponcloserinspection

● Relativism:

○ Culturalvariabilityisevidenceof

genuinedifferentpsychological

processes

○ Peoplefromthiscultureareslowto

passjudgmentonothers(you

HAVEtoconsiderthecultural

context)

● Evolutionism:

○ Asortofmixtureoftheabovetwo

○ Variabilityasexistingatdifferent

stages(re:MullerLyerIllusion)



Schwederandcolleagues(1997)

● EthicofAutonomy

○ Emphasizesindividualfreedomand

rights

● EthicofCommunity

○ Emphasizesdutiestoconformto

communityrolesandexpectations

● EthicofDivinity

○ Emphasizesthesanctityof

perceived“naturalorder”



The“CAD”hypothesis

● Responsestotheethicsabove

● Contempt=communityviolations

● Anger=autonomyviolations

Disgust=divinity/purity

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