PSYC14H3 Lecture 6: Culture and Emotions

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maroonalpaca618

5 Jul 2018

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CultureandEmotions



Agenda:

● Evolutionaryvs.culturalperspectiveson

emotion

● AffectiveScience:Basicemotionstheoryvs.

appraisalemotionstheory

● Howdoculturesvaryinthewayinwhich

theyexpressemotion?

● Howdoculturesvaryinthewayinwhich

theyperceiveemotion?

● Howdoculturesvaryinconceptualizationof

emotion?

● Howdoculturesvaryinwhatelicitsemotion?

● Howdoculturesvaryinthewayinwhich

theyexperienceemotion?



Recall

1. Naturalselectionhappenswhen:

a. Withinspeciescompetition

b. Withinspeciesdifferences

c. Phenotypetiedtogenotype

 Environmentfavourssomeheritable

variationsoverothers

2. Emotionalexpressionsareadaptations

a. Theyareactionsthathelpedour

ancestorssurvive

b. Theycoincidedwithemotionsour

ancestorsfelt

3. Evolutionandculture

a. Primitiveurgesshapeculture

b. Culturecontrolsprimitiveurges

c. Culturechangesbutsometimesour

bodiesandmindscan’tkeepup…

therearelimitstoevolutionary

adaptation



Evolutionaryvs.culturalapproaches



“Basic”emotions:evolutionarysignificance

●Fear,disgust,sadness,happiness,surprise,

anger

● Psychologicalpointofview:Seeking,rage,

fear,lust

● Psychobiologicalpointofview:Care,panic,

play

○ Ratvideotoexhibit“play”

■ Theyplayandshitwith

humans

■ Humansaremore

emotionalthanother

animalseventhoratshave

thatevolutionarybasisfor

“play”aswell



Psychologicalthemesthatelicituniversalemotions

1. Accomplishingagoal(motivation)

2. Failingtoaccomplishagoal

a. Whatdoesthisleadto?

3. Beingkeptfromsomethingyoudesireor

want

4. Beingsickenedorrepulsedbysomething

5. Sensingdangercausedbytheunexpected

6. Acknowledgingsomethingnewornovel



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

Secondaryappraisals

Dimensionalapproaches

● HOPE=

○ Elevatedattention,effort,and

agency

○ Moderatepleasantness

○ Littlecertainty

● HAPPINESS=

○ Pleasant,loweffort,highcertainty,

andhighattention



Anevolutionaryperspectiveimplies…

● Emotionsarethesameacrossgenerations

● Emotionsarethesameacrosscultures

● Yet,awealthofevidenceshowsthat

emotions,emotionalexpressions,and

emotionaldisordersdifferbygenerationand

byculture



Guidingquestions

● Whatcrossculturaldifferencesareobserved

whenwe:

○ Experienceemotions?

○ Expressemotions?

○ Conceptualizeemotions?

○ Perceiveemotions?



5principlesofeastasianthought

1. Change,sothatnothingisstatic

2. Contradiction,oppositesareoftenconsistent

andbothtrue

a. Intolerancetoambiguityand

contradictioninWest

3. Covariation,eventsareinterrelatedin

complexfieldsorsystems

4. Compromise,sothattruthmaylieinthe

synthesisofopposites

a. Dialecticalcontexts

5. Context,eventsoccurnotalonebutin

contexts



Individualisticvs.collectivisticdifferences

● Peoplefrominterdependentculturesfind

greaterhappinessinfulfillingduties

● Peoplefrominterdependentculturesreport

moreintensesocialemotions(e.g.sympathy,

guilt),whereasthosefromindependent

culturesreportmoreintensenonsocial

emotions(e.g.pride,frustration).

● Angerisperceivedmorereadilyin

interdependentcultures,becauseits’

occurrenceismorerare



Facialexpressionsandemotions,nonverbal“accents”



● “Giventhatexactingfacialcodingsystems

havefoundthesephotographstobeidentical

inallmeasurablerespects,useofthese

stimuliconstitutesaconservativetestofthe

hypothesisthattherearesubtledifferences

inexpressivestyleacrossculturalgroups.”

● Japanesenational?Japaneseamerican?

○ Peoplewereguessingabove

chanceifapersonwasnationalor

americanJapaneseemotional

expressions

● Emotional:t(78)=5.18,p<.000001

● Neutral:t(78)=2.41,p<.05



Readingthemindintheeyestest

● Sometimesusedtotestifsomeoneisonthe

autismspectrum

● Pplarebetteratdetectingemotionineyes

withpplfromthesamerace

● https://www.questionwritertracker.com/quiz/6

1/Z4MK3TKB.html

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