PSYA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: John Cade, Bipolar Disorder, Neurogenesis
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PSYA02H3 Full Course Notes
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The earliest use to biomedical therapy may date to the stone age, when trephination was used. A trephination is a surgical intervention where a hole was drilled into the skull to remove (cid:862)evil(cid:863) spirits. I(cid:374) the ea(cid:396)ly (cid:1005)(cid:1012)(cid:1004)(cid:1004)s, the (cid:862)t(cid:396)a(cid:374)(cid:395)uilizi(cid:374)g chai(cid:396)(cid:863) was used, i(cid:374) which the patie(cid:374)t was st(cid:396)apped i(cid:374)to a chair, with their head enclosed inside a box for long periods of time. Even modern biomedical therapies are not without controversy: For instance, there are side effects; drugs can also be toxic and potentially fatal in these therapies. These therapies assume that some (all?) disorders are ultimately caused by abnormal neural or other physiological functions. Not a drug, but rather a naturally occurring metallic element (a mineral salt) that is used to treat bipolar disorder. Result: rather than creating manic behaviour, the guinea pigs became lethargic. Why: because of the lithium; rather than causing it, it treated the manic behaviour.
