PSYA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Carl Jung, Anal Retentiveness, Projective Test
PSYA02 Lecture 6: Psychodynamic Theory part 2
- Personality development: Psychosexual Stages
o Freud claimed that personality developed as person learned to channel the
energy of the libido into appropriate forms of self-expression
▪ Development of infant and child is ruled by the id
• Young child struggles to contain and channel sexual urges and
feelings
• Child is a bundle of animal impulses
• Development involves development of ego and superego through
appropriate socialization experiences as child grows up
▪ Freud highlighted specific developmental challenges kids faced at
different points in their lives
• Developed stage theory of psycho-sexual development that
tracked progression kids went through as they matured through
the various stages
• Most of the stages happen at first 5 years of life
o Reflects importance of developmental milestones that
occur within first 5 years
• At each stage the libido manifests in particular parts of the body
depending on what parts are most important at that particular
stage
• When bodily areas are relevant to the person at the respective
stage, they become a focus for the id
o Id attempts to get as much pleasure as possible from
seeking gratification in those areas
o Eah od aea eoes a attlegoud ad pits the id’s
desires against restrictions of external world
• Children able to release libidinal energy appropriately through
body part relevant at the given stage are able to have healthy
relationships with themselves
o They are free to focus on next stages of development
o If their need satisfaction is interfered with at the given
stage, they become fixated at the stage
o Fixation: involves becoming preoccupied with obtaining
the pleasure associated with a particular stage
▪ Is the result of not being able to properly regulate
themselves and satisfy needs at that stage
▪ Can occur either bc of conflict/excessive parental
interference (eg criticising child for making
mistakes during potty training) or bc child allowed
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to overindulge in that form of pleasure seeking
behaviour
o Oral Stage: 0 to 18 months
▪ Pleasure Focus: actions of the mouth
• Include sucking, chewing, swallowing, feeding
• Mouth is major focus for pleasure and frustration
o Ego has to lea to satisf the id’s desie fo itig ad
sukig as ell as the supeego’s lais as to hat is
appropriate in a situation
▪ Infant develops basic sense of security and
empowerment if this goes well
• This is the initial foundation for the ego
▪ Infant develops oral fixation if it cannot satisfy its
needs at this stage or if it is overindulged and
develops emotional attachment of using its mouth
• Infant may develop to be dependent, have
an addictive personality and seek to
consume the world for its own emotional
needs
▪ Fixation at oral stage means person never fully develops their ego
• Person is more vulnerable to anxiety and less capable at adjusting
to social reality
o Anal Stage: 18 months to 3 years
▪ Pleasure Focus: Bowel elimination and control
• Toilet training is focal activity at this stage
• If toddler learned bathroom skills successfully with support and
encouragement, toddler gained sense of competency and
confidence
o Leads to toddler developing into well adjusted, productive
adult
▪ Fixation at anal stage caused by too strict and critical parents
• Toddler will struggle with shame and control
• Will eoe aal etetie adults if paets too itial
o Excessive concern with cleanliness and order with high
need for control and little emotional openness
• Will eoe aal epulsie adults if paets too leiet ad
provide little support for toiler training
o Will be careless, disordered and irresponsible
o Phallic Stage: 3 to 6 years
▪ Pleasure focus: Genitals
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PSYA02H3 Full Course Notes
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