LINA01H3 Lecture 9: LINA01- Lecture 9 - Syntax
Document Summary
Terminology: phase structure (ps) rule = general rules for representing the internal. Lina01-lecture 9- syntax structure of the sentences: phase structure (ps) trees = a tree diagram representing the internal structure of a specific sentence, constituent = a syntactic unit in a ps tree. Simple grammar: relationship between rules and trees, category on the left expands to categories on the right, relative order of categories is reflected in the rule, optional categories are in parentheses ( ) Relating rules and trees: a b(c) is shorthand for 2 rules and will generate 2 possible trees: The rules predict certain structures and not others: a b (c) doesn"t allow, it doesn"t allow a c is ill-formed because b is acquired, if something is not in parentheses, then it is optional. Rules encode: optionality, a category inside parentheses is optional, a category which is not in the parentheses is required, the order of elements, this will correspond to word order.
