BIOC34H3 Lecture Notes - Metabolic Alkalosis, Alkalosis, Renal Compensation

13) Regulation of the volume and osmolarity of body fluidsoccurs first in the

a) proximal convoluted tubules.

b) distal convoluted tubules.

c) loop of Henle.

d) glomerular capsule.

e) collecting ducts.

14) Which is NOT True about podocytes?

a) their pedicels form filtration slits

b) they make up the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule

c) they are modified simple squamous epithelial cells

d)all of these choices statements about podocytes are true

15) In the process of forming concentrated urine, symporters inthe loop of Henle cause sodium ions and chloride ions to build upin the renal medulla helping to form the osmotic gradient. ADHincreases reabsorption of water by principal cells in thecollecting ducts.

True or False?

The carbonic anhydrase reactions are important for regulating pH because the bicarbonate ion acts as a buffer. What are three cells, one each in the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems, where the carbonic anhydrase reaction has been described, producing bicarbonate ion that can help to buffer the pH of blood?

How are absorption in the digestive tract and reabsorption from the renal tubules similar? (Your answer should concentrate on the molecular level.)

describe the events that occur in countercurrent multiplication in the Loop of Henle. Describe what happens in each limb of the loop and what histological features of each portion contribute to their respective functions. Why is it called countercurrent multiplication? Besides water and ion reabsorption, what other critical function does the loop of Henle serve in juxtameduallary nephrons? What properties does the blood in the vasa recta have that are different from blood elsewhere in the body and why is this important? Finally, explain how the diuretics called “loop diuretics” work. Why are they such powerful diuretics? For what conditions (that we have discussed) might they be prescribed? What acid/base balance problem can result from their use and why?