BIOC34H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Slow-Wave Sleep, Theta Wave, Sleep Disorder
29 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
BIOC34:(Lecture(15( ( Final(
Feb.%26,%2018%
62%
Sleep%and%Sleep%Related%Disorders!
EEG#Patterns#
• Using%EEG%brain%wave%patterns,%sleep%
can%be%defined%
• Alpha(waves%occur%at%10%Hz%when%
people%are%awake%but%relaxing%with%
eyes%closed%
• Beta(waves%occur%at%14-30%Hz%and%is%
due%to%visual%stimulation%and%mental%
activity%à%concentration%
• Theta(and%Delta%waves%occur%during%
sleep%and%are%much%slower%
o Theta%waves%can%be%seen%when%
awake%if%person%is%under%
severe%mental%stress%or%day-dreaming%
o Delta%waves%during%wakefulness%is%sign%of%pathological%disease%
• ECG%biofeedback%can%be%used%to%treat%ADD%and%anxiety%disorders%
o Look%at%screen%wish%wave%components%of%their%ECG%and%train%
themselves%to%create%more%of%one%wave%type%
Sleep#
• Purpose%of%sleep%still%a%mystery%
• Sleep%is%a%cyclically%occurring%state%with%
decreased%motor%activity%and%
perception%that%occurs%in%stages%of%low%
neural%activity%and%high%neural%activity%
• Needed%for%brain%maturation,%immune%
system%or%strengthen%synaptic%
connections%
Slow-Wave#and#REM#Sleep#
• Slow(wave(sleep%(SWS)%occurs%when%
you%first%fall%asleep%and%has%4%stages%
before%entering%the%rapid(eye(
movement%(REM)%sleep%
• As%sleep%progresses,%more%time%is%spent%
in%REM%and%less%in%SWS%
• SWS%is%characterized%by%low%frequency%
EEG,%decreased%brain%activity,%snoring%
• REM%sleep%produces%high%frequency%EEG%that%looks%like%those%during%
wakefulness%
o Muscles%are%paralyzed,%eyes%move%rapidly%
BIOC34:(Lecture(15( ( Final(
Feb.%26,%2018%
63%
o Snoring%stops%during%REM%
• Stage%1%of%sleep%produces%alpha%waves%as%
we%relax%
• Stage%2%shows%theta%waves%with%sleep(
spindles%
• Stage%3%shows%both%theta%and%delta%wave%
activity%
• Stage%4%is%the%deepest%sleep%with%mostly%
delta%waves%
• REM%EEG%looks%similar%to%alert%ones,%with%
mostly%beta%waves%
Sleep#Disorders#
Narcolepsy#
• Narcolepysy%is%a%neurological%disorder%with%REM%intruding%into%
wakefulness%
• Diagnosed%by%4%key%symptoms:%
o Excessive%daytime%sleepiness%
o Cataplexy%(sudden,%brief%muscle%weakness/paralysis%during%strong%
emotion)%
o Sleep%paralysis%
o Hypnagogic(hallucinations%(vivid,%dream-like%images%at%sleep%
onset)%
• Caused%by%lack%of%orexin%which%is%produced%by%hypothalamus%to%enhance%
wakefulness%
• %
