BIOB33H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Shoulder Joint, Hip, Anatomical Terms Of Motion
29 Nov 2018
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Structural classification of synovial joints: plane joints (gliding joints, monoaxial (movement only in one plane, eg. Carpal/carpal tarsal/tarsal vertebrae/vertebrae clavicle/sternum: hinge joints, flexion and extension, monoaxial, eg. Elbow and knee: pivot joints, rotational movements including supination and pronation, monoaxial, eg. Atlas and axis: condylar joints (ellipsoidal joints, oval articular surface on one bone articulates with a depression on another bone, biaxial joint, movement in two planes, eg. Radius/capitulum radius/carpals phalanges/metacarpals phalanges/metatarsals: saddle joints, biaxial joints that allow for some circumduction, angular movement without rotation, eg. Pollex/metacarpal: ball and socket joints, triaxial joint, angular movement and rotation, eg. Muscular system: muscle tissue, muscles contract and relax, always a paired system. Skeletal muscle: muscle cells are long, striated, cylindrical and multinucleated, muscles that move the skeleton, under voluntary control. Cardiac muscle: muscle cells are short, branched and striated with a single nucleus and connected by intercalated discs, found in the myometrium of the heart, cells contract rhythmically.
