BIOB11H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Angiogenesis, Start Codon, Prokaryote
Recall
Question
Which of the following is false about translation?
Reference
Page 407, Figure 2
Click to enlarge
A
The process of translation involves the formation of a polypeptide chain
Correct. The ribosomes will move along the mRNA strand to decode the information and form a
polypeptide chain.
B
The process of translation occurs after the process of transcription
Correct. Genetic information is processed from DNA to RNA first, through transcription.
Subsequently, through translation, it is passed from RNA to protein.
C
In the process of translation, ribosomes are associated with mRNA
Correct. Ribosomes assemble into their subunits and associate with the mRNA strand to decode
and form a polypeptide chain.
D
The process of translation initiates in the nucleus and is subsequently carried out in the cytoplasm
Incorrect. The process of translation occurs in the cytoplasm and is not initiated in the nucleus. The
process of transcription occurs in the nucleus.
E
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All of the above are true
Incorrect. Options A-C are correct because the process of translation occurs after transcription and
involves the association of mRNA with ribosomes to form a polypeptide chain. However, it is not
initiated in the nucleus and therefore, option D is incorrect.
Recall
Question
Which of the following statements best describes the process of translation?
Reference
Figure 11-2
Click to enlarge
A
Translation is the process of creating a complementary RNA strand using a DNA strand as a
template
Incorrect: This statement describes the process of transcription, where a DNA strand is transcribed
into RNA, so that it can be sent out to the cytoplasm after modifications. Transcription is also part of
the central dogma, but it is fundamentally different than translation.
B
Translation is the process of creating mRNA from hnRNA through spliceosomes
Incorrect: This statement describes the process of removing introns in higher eukaryotes. This is not
what translation is defined as. Although this process is involved in getting RNA ready to enter the
cytoplasm, it is not considered to be translation.
C
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Translation is the process of associating mRNA with ribosomes and subsequently, forming a
polypeptide chain through decoding a triplet genetic code
Correct: Translation is the process of creating a polypeptide chain from mRNA. The genetic code of
mRNA is translated by the ribosomes, so that the appropriate amino acid sequence can be built and
thus, create a polypeptide chain. This process is also part of the central dogma.
D
Translation is the process of adding a 5' cap to hnRNA shortly after it is being synthesized by RNA
polymerase II
Incorrect: This is another processing mechanism that will lead to mRNA being stable enough to
leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm, so that translation can occur thereafter.
E
Translation is the process of modifying proteins after they have been synthesized
Incorrect: This is a post-translational event that occurs after translation has already occurred. The
protein first needs to have its polypeptide chain synthesized through translation.
Application
Question
Which of the following is an insertion mutation that changes the reading frame for the sequence:
AAA-UUU-GCA-CCC-GAA-UCU-CUA?
Reference
Figure 11.39 Lecture 6&7, Slide #7
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A
AAA-UUU-GCC-CCG-AAU-CUC-UA
Incorrect: although involving a frameshift, this is a deletion of the A nucleotide in the third codon.
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Document Summary
The process of translation involves the formation of a polypeptide chain. The ribosomes will move along the mrna strand to decode the information and form a polypeptide chain. The process of translation occurs after the process of transcription. Genetic information is processed from dna to rna first, through transcription. Subsequently, through translation, it is passed from rna to protein. In the process of translation, ribosomes are associated with mrna. Ribosomes assemble into their subunits and associate with the mrna strand to decode and form a polypeptide chain. The process of translation initiates in the nucleus and is subsequently carried out in the cytoplasm. The process of translation occurs in the cytoplasm and is not initiated in the nucleus. The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus. Options a-c are correct because the process of translation occurs after transcription and involves the association of mrna with ribosomes to form a polypeptide chain.
