BIOB11H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Microtubule, Centromere, Fox Proteins
31 Jan 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Lecture 2 (cid:498)genome evolution(cid:499) & polymorphisms (cid:498)evolution of the genome(cid:499) Large scale changes: chromosomal/ subchromosomal inversions, indels (insertion/deletions), translocations (part of a chromosome breaking off and become attached to a different chromosome, activity of transposable elements (pieces of dna jumping around to other parts of the genome) It generally occurs during meiosis (formation of gametes in mammals wherein sperm and egg are produced) Normally, alignment of homologous chromosomes (one pair from father, one from mother) occurs precisely, so that reciprocal genetic exchange generates complete sets of (potentially recombinant) chromosomes. Unequal crossing over leads to one of the chromosomes having a duplicated segment (c ) and the other chromosome lacking the c segment. In diagram (a), the initial state shown has two related genes (1 and 2). In a diploid individual, gene 1 on one homologue can align with gene 2 on the other homologue during meiosis.
