BIOB10H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Messenger Rna, Pyranose, Phosphodiester Bond
28 Oct 2017
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Document Summary
Long chains of carbon atoms constructing biological molecules. Functional groups are particular atom groupings that behave as a unit: affect properties of biological molecules b/c: Can make polarize/reactive: may have positive/negative charge due to ionization. Formation of biological macromolecules: macromolecules are polymers of building blocks known as monomers. Polymers form by joining monomers condensation reaction (water is removed) Polymers broken into monomers hydrolysis reaction (water is added) Eg. sucrose, maltose and lactose: oligosaccharides: a small chain of sugars (oligo = few) Attached to lipids or proteins converting them to glycolipids and glycoprotein. Polysaccharides: a long chain of sugars bonded together. Very large molecules with a structural or storage function. Eg. chitin, cellulose, starch, glycogen: polysaccharides, glycogen stores chemical energy in most animals ( ) linearly branched. Starch stores chemical energy in most animals ( ) spiral. Cellulose is durable structural polymer ( ) linear lines (plant cell walls) Chitin is polymer of n-acetylglucosamine: durable structural polymer (exoskeleton of invertebrates)
