BIOB10H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Thiol, Monosaccharide, Glycerol
Document Summary
Long chains of carbon atoms used to construct biological linear, branched, or cyclic. Simplest group of biological molecules hydrocarbons. Hydrogen is often replaced by functional groups . They contain electronegative atoms (n, o, p, s) Can make molecules more polar or more reactive. May confer a positive or negative charge due to ionization. Common linkages between functional groups: ester bond, amide/peptide bond. Four types of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates (sugars) made from monosaccharide monomers, lipids made from fatty acids and glycerol monomers. : nucleic acids made from nucleotide monomers, proteins made from amino acid monomers. Important sugars in cell metabolism have 3-7 carbons. 3 sugars = trioses; 4 sugars = tetroses; 5 sugars = pentoses; 6 sugars = hexoses. In the sugar, each of the carbons link to hydroxyl groups (-oh) except one that bears a carbonyl group (c=o) If the carbonyl is internal, it is a ketose which is fructose.